Nephropathy Major Organ Infl ammation

13.8 Summary

Radiation-induced toxicity is a real possibility that is likely underrecognized in the pediatric population. The pediatric oncologist must be aware of potential RT-induced complications based on the radiation fi eld, RT dose, fraction- ation, concurrent chemotherapy and potential underlying patient morbidities. A multidisci- plinary approach is often required to plan for and treat any potential complications. Although evi- dence-based prevention and treatment strategies are generally lacking in the pediatric literature, the adult literature, through both evidence and consensus guidelines, provides an excellent resource from which to extrapolate reasonable management plans. References Abid SY, Malhotra V, Perry MC 2001 Radiation-induced and chemotherapy-induced pulmonary injury. Curr Opin Oncol 13:242–248 Abramoff MM, Lopes NN, Lopes LA et al 2008 Low- level laser therapy in the prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis in young patients. Photomed Laser Surg 26:393–400 Allen G, Logan R, Gue S 2010 Oral manifestations of cancer treatment in children: a review of the literature. Clin J Oncol Nurs 14:481–490 Archambeau JO, Pezner R, Wasserman T 1995 Pathophysiology of irradiated skin and breast. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 31:1171–1185 Barbería E, Hernandez C, Miralles V et al 2008 Paediatric patients receiving oncology therapy: review of the literature and management guidelines. Eur J Paediatr Dent 9:188–194 Basch E, Prestrud AA, Hesketh PJ et al 2011 Antiemetics: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline update. J Clin Oncol 29: 4189–4198 Basciano PA, Bussel JB 2012 Thrombopoietin-receptor agonists. Curr Opin Hematol 19:392–398 Becker-Schiebe M, Mengs U, Schaefer M et al 2011 Topical use of a silymarin-based preparation to pre- vent radiodermatitis. Strahlenther Onkol 187: 485–491 Bennett CL, Silver SM, Djulbegovic B et al 2008 Venous thromboembolism and mortality associated with recombinant erythropoietin and darbopoietin administration for the treatment of cancer-associated anemia. JAMA 299:914–924 Bensadoun RJ, Patton LL, Lalla RV et al 2011 Oropharyngeal candidiasis in head and neck cancer patients treated with radiation: update 2011. Support Care Cancer 19:737–744 Berg RA, Ch’ien LT, Lancaster W et al 1983 Neuropsychological sequelae of postradiation somnolence syndrome. J Dev Behav Pediatr 4: 103–107 Bernier J, Bonner J, Vermorken JB et al 2008 Consensus guidelines for the management of radiation dermatitis and coexisting acne-like rash in patients receiving radiotherapy plus EGFR inhibitors for the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Ann Oncol 19:142–149 Bleyer A, Choi M, Wang SJ et al 2009 Increased vulner- ability of the spinal cord to radiation or intrathecal chemotherapy during adolescence: a report from the Children’s Oncology Group. Pediatr Blood Cancer 53:1205–1210 Bohlius J, Wilson J, Seidenfeld J et al 2006 Recombinant human erythropoietins and cancer patients: updated meta-analysis of 57 studies including 9353 patients. J Natl Cancer Inst 98:708–714 Bolderston A, Lloyd NS, Wong RK et al 2006 The prevention and management of acute skin reactions related to radiation therapy: a systematic review and practice guidelines. Support Care Cancer 14:802–817 Bölling T, Ernst I, Pape H et al 2011 Dose-volume anal- ysis of radiation nephropathy in children: preliminary report of the risk consortium. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 80:840–844 Bouyn CI, Leclere J, Raimondo G et al 2003 Hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia in children previously treated for a solid tumor. Incidence, risk factors, and outcome. Cancer 97:3107–3113 Bradley J, Movsas B 2004 Radiation esophagitis: pre- dictive factors and preventive strategies. Semin Radiat Oncol 14:280–286 Brizel DM, Dodge RK, Clough RW et al 1999 Oxygenation of head and neck cancer: changes during radiotherapy and impact on treatment outcome. Radiother Oncol 53:113–117 Budach W, Bölke E, Homey B 2007 Severe cutaneous reaction during radiation therapy with concurrent cetuximab. N Engl J Med 357:514–515 Bunn PA Jr, Crowley J, Kelly K et al 1995 Chemoradiotherapy with or without granulocyte- macrophage colony stimulating factor in the treatment of limited-stage small-cell lung cancer: a prospective phase III randomized study of the Southwest Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol 13:1632–1641 Burris HA 3rd, Hurtig J 2010 Radiation recall with anticancer agents. Oncologist 15:1227–1237 Bussel JB, Kuter DJ, George JN et al 2006 AMG 531, a thrombopoiesis-stimulating protein for chronic ITP. N Engl J Med 355:1672–1681 Butler JM, Rapp SR, Shaw EG 2006 Managing the cog- nitive effects of brain tumor radiation therapy. Curr Treat Options Oncol 7:517–523 Cassady JR 1995 Clinical radiation nephropathy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 31:1249–1256