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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter presents review of related literature. The discussion concerns in previous studies, theoretical background, and theoretical framework which
consists of Previous Studies, Language, Grammar, Systemic Functional Grammar, Speech RoleSpeech Function, Conversation, and Interpersonal Meanings.
2.1 Reviews of Previous Studies
There are many studies about interpersonal communication that have been conducted before. Fidya, 2010 conducted a study entitled The Realization of
Interpersonal Meaning in Green Day‟s Song “American Idiot” Lyrics. This final project is about the interpersonal meaning analysis of clauses in Green Day‟s song
lyrics entitled “American Idiot” that realized in the system of Mood and Modality. The interpersonal meaning includes the process of analyzing Mood and Modality
of the clauses. The Mood and Modality includes the definition of Mood elements subject and finite, residue predicator and complement, and the adjunct Mood
adjunct; circumstantial adjunct and comment adjunct. Identifying the Mood means that we identify the type of each clause whether it is imperative,
declarative, and interrogative or exclamative. The result of this study shows that in “American Idiot” lyrics, declarative are the major mood in the clauses and there
is only one interrogative. Moreover, only one clause which has modality that is
probability. For the most dominant speech function is statement. The moral values of the song are to be smart, critical, and have your own personality.
The similarity between Fidya‟s study and this study is in the mood. Both of the studies aim to reveal the Mood system to uncover the interpersonal
meaning. The differences are on the object of the study and analysis. The previous study is about the interpersonal meanings on “American Idiots” song by Greenday
while the present study is about the conversations between a tour guide and foreign tourists in Prambanan Temple. Then, the previous study does not contain
about the analysis of Attitude while the current study does. Fitriyati 2014 conducted a research about the analysis of critical
interpersonal communication in Ahmadinejad‟s speech to prompt diplomatic walkout on September 22, 2011. It is aimed to describe the Mood and Modality
system, and the critical communication found in Ahmadinejad‟s speech. The result of this study shows interpersonal meaning through the use of Mood and
Modality which shows the speaker‟s strength to influence the audiences. In the critical communication, the writer finished it by following the three steps from
Fairclough, those are the description of the text which focuses on words, the description of the text which focus on context of situation, and the explanation of
the text which focuses on ideology of the speaker. There are similarity and difference found in the Fitriyati‟s study and the
current study. The similarity of the previous study and the current study is both of them reveal the system of Mood and Modality. The differences are found in the
object of the study and the analysis theory. Beside Mood and Modality, the
previous study reveals t he critical discourse on Ahmadinejad‟s speech, while the
current study reveals the Attitude on the conversations between a tour guide and foreign tourists in Prambanan Temple.
Huang 2014 conducted a study of interpersonal meanings in a political TV inter
view. This paper mainly employs Halliday‟s Systemic Functional Grammar theory, concerning the interpersonal metafunction, to make a
theoretically founded analysis on an episode in Feng Yun Dui Hua, a famous television program from Phoenix TV in China. The analysis of the data has
yielded the following major findings: 1 It is found that the TV host paid much attention to the employment of declarative clause, which helped him give
information about the topic he wanted to start, and after that, he adequately used yesno interrogatives and WH-interrogatives to define the scope for the host to
answer those questions, in order to get the exact information he wanted. The exclamative and imperative clauses never occurred in the course of conversation,
which is useless for constructing a good atmosphere for communication between the host and guest. 2 It is revealed that the choices of modal operators with
different degree of value agree with the communicative purposes of the speaker. 3 It is also shown that person pronouns establish a good relationship between the
host and guest, successfully shortening their distance as well as helping the speaker to advertise his opinions, and even impose his will upon the listeners
implicitly. The analysis also reveals that the linguistic choices, in terms of mood, modality, person pronouns and appraisal system, can contribute to the realization
of interpersonal functions in the process of conversation, which may be of a
certain value in achieving a better understanding towards the functional features of this kind of genre.
Both of the Huang‟s and current studies contain the analysis of Mood and Modality. The differences are on the object of the study and the appraisal system.
The object of the previous study is a political interview on a famous program of Phoenix TV in China while the object of the current study is the conversations
between a tour guide and foreign tourists in Prambanan Temple. The other difference is that Huang analyzes the whole Appraisal system, but I only analyze
the Attitude. Najib 2014 investigates how the interpersonal meanings works in a
public speech by descriptively elaborating the realization occur in the data analysis to figure out the interpersonal meaning. The data are analyzed using three
units of analysis, context of situation, grammar analysis and appraisal system. The writer found that students who study interpersonal meaning of speech also means
that we are attempting to understand peoples intention in perceiving something. It will improve
students‟ speaking skills by using the appropriate and proper choices of words dictions as the realization of their interpersonal meaning.
Najib‟s study reveals tenor, interpersonal meanings, and Appraisal system on Obama‟s speech and he relates interpersonal meanings with students‟
speaking skills, while this study reveals interpersonal meanings and Attitude on conversations between a tour guide and foreign tourists on Prambanan Temple.
Utami 2014 conducted a research that is The Realization of Interpersonal Meanings and Appraisal System in the World War II Declaration
Speech by King George II. The aims of the study are to understand the interpersonal meanings of King George VI speech by looking deeply on the Mood
system and try to uncover King George VI valuation and stances towards Germany by applying the appraisal theory proposed by Martin which focuses on
attitude system. The result of analysis showed the analysis of Mood system in the clauses of King George VI speech. The writer found that almost clauses in that
speech are declarative clauses which mean that King George VI wanted to share information to the audience by delivering his speech. The speech also contains
some imperative clauses; these are some instructions to his people during the war. S
ome uses of modality which show the speaker‟s judgment, are also identified. Based on those studies above, interpersonal meanings can be found in
various texts such as song, speech, and interview. The previous studies are considered as a relevant theory for this study.
2.2 Theoretical Background
