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CHAPTER III METHODS OF INVESTIGATION
This chapter discusses the Research Approach, Subject of the Study, Object of the Study, Target of the Study, Role of the Researcher, Type of Data, Unit of
Analysis, Procedures of Collecting the Data, and Procedures of Analyzing the Data,
3.1 The Research Approach
The qualitative research is appropriate to apply in this research. Key 1997 states, “Qualitative research is a generic term for investigative methodologies described
as ethnographic, naturalistic, anthropological, field, or participant observer research. More importantly, it emphasizes the importance of looking at variables
in the natural setting in which they ar e found.” In this study, I took the data from a
part of a tour guide and foreign tourists‟ guiding activities in Prambanan Temple, so it was natural conversation.
Wray et. al. 1998:95 state, “Qualitative approaches have much common
with linguistic work, on discourse, conversation , and or pragmatics.” It is in line
with the study because this study used conversation as the object of the study. Meanwhile, Khasanah 2010:33 adds, “Qualitative research presents the data and
research in the form of q ualitative description.” I presented the data in the form of
qualitative description.
3.2 Subject of the Study
In doing the study, subject of the study has a big role in producing the data. Subjects of this research were a tour guide and foreign tourists in Prambanan
Temple who used English as the language to communicate. I used three conversations which involved a tour guide and five foreign tourists from three
different countries because I think three conversations were enough to answer the research questions. Wray et.al. 1998:140 state,
“The amount of data you need depends on two key things. One is what questions you are asking of your data,
and how thick and fast the answers will come. ”
The tour guide who became the subject of this study is a member of Himpunan Pramuwisata Indonesia, a tour guide organization, in Prambanan
Temple. This organization has thirty members but only half of them who are active. The tour guide chosen to be the subject of this study graduated from Senior
High School in 1989. After graduating from his school, he started learning various languages. In 1993, he started working in Prambanan Temple as a tour guide.
After several years of becoming a tour guide, he joined a test for tour guide license. Now, he is an active member of tour guide in Prambanan Temple. I chose
him to be the subject of this study because he has a good skill in speaking English. It is proven by his license. He also can speak various languages such as Dutch,
France, Italian, and German, so he is experienced in guiding foreign tourists. In addition, he has worked as a tour guide for more than 22 years. Tour guide in this
study is represented by TG in the conversations, findings, and discussions. Foreign tourists who became the subject of data are from United States,
Germany, and New Zealand actually he was born in U.K but then he moved to New Zealand. Tourists from United States are represented by U1 and U2, tourists
from Germany are G1 and G2, and tourist from New Zealand is N1.
3.3 Object of the Study
