3.7 Unit of Analysis
The conversations were identified through three units of analysis, those are: a
Mood system It consisted of Mood elements Subject, Finite, Complements, and Adjuncts.
b Modality
It consisted of probabilities, usualites, obligations, inclinations, and capabilities.
c Attitudes
It consisted of Affect, Judgment, and Appreciation.
3.8 Procedures of Collecting the Data
There were three main steps that I followed in collecting the data. First step was finding the subjects of my research. I came to Prambanan Temple and found the
subject of this study. They were one tour guide, one tourist from New Zealand, two tourists from Germany, and two tourists from U.S. The second step was
recording the conversation. The recordings were conducted using a video recorder or audio recorder. It depended on the demand from the foreign tourists. The
tourists from Germany did not mind to be recorded with the video recorder, while tourists from New Zealand and U.S. felt more comfortable if I recorded using the
audio recorder. Therefore, in this case, one session of conversation used a video recorder and two sessions used an audio recorder. The last step was transcribing
the recording orthographically.
3.9 Procedures of Analyzing the Data
After recording and transcribing the conversations, the data were analyzed using the related theories. The data was analyzed in order to answer the questions of the
study. In this study, several steps conducted to analyze interpersonal meanings in the conversation between a tour guide and foreign tourists in Prambanan Temple.
a Dividing the data into clauses
The transcribed conversations were divided per sentence. Because the unit of analysis in this study was clause, the sentences which had more than one
clause were divided again into clauses using i, ii, and iii.
No Clauses
1. i I hope ii it can give you a better understanding about
Prambanan Temple, all about enlightenment, or even Zen. 2.
People in Japan call it Zen. 3.
Do you understand Zen? 4.
Zen means actually self-discovery.
b Classifying the major and minor clauses
The transcribed conversations which had been divided into clauses were separated between major and minor clauses. The clauses which were analyzed
were major clauses. c
Analyzing the Mood of the clauses The data was analyzed using the Mood theory offered by Eggins 1994. The
Subject and Finite were analyzed in this study.
This temple was built
in the ninth century. Subject
Finite Predicator Adjunct: circ. MOOD
Residue d
Analyzing Modality of the clauses I used the theory of Modality from Eggins and Slade 1997. There are two
types of modality: modalization and modulation. Modalization is a way of tempering message which refers to degrees of frequency or probability while
modulation, the qualification of the message is with reference to degrees of obligation, inclination, or capability.
Maybe your wife has
ten arms. Adjunct: mood
Subject Finite
Complement MOOD
Residue
e Analyzing Attitudes of the clauses
The attitudes was analyzed through the expression our feelings affect, judgment to people‟s character, appreciate of things by using the theory from
Martin and Rose 2003.
No Clause
Attitude Affection
Judgment Appreciation
1. There was a great empire
here. Conv. IT √
2. So, the best place is
between the blue ocean and volcano. Conv. IT
√
f Tabulating the results of the analysis
The results of the analysis were tabulated based on the classification of the clauses.
- The analysis of Moods
No Clause
Mood Type Minor
Clause Declarative
Interrogative Exclamative
Imperative
1. i I hope ii it
can give you a better
understanding about Prambanan
Temple, all about enlightenment, or
even Zen. √
- The analysis of modalities
No Clause
Modality Probability
Usuality Obligation
Inclination Capability
1. You can multiply each
temple with thirty steps. √
2. Java could have been
more Catholic. Median
- The analysis of attitudes
No Clause
Attitude Affection
Judgment Appreciation
1. i I hope ii it can give you a better
understanding about
Prambanan Temple, all about enlightenment, or
even Zen. √
2. And now prepare yourself, your
energy also, √
52
CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS
This chapter reports the findings of analysis and discussion. I present the results of the analysis of conversations between a tour guide and foreign tourists in
Prambanan Temple to answer the research questions; 1 what are Mood realized in the conversations between a tour guide and foreign tourists in Prambanan
Temple, 2 what are Modality realized in the conversations between a tour guide and foreign tourists in Prambanan Temple, and 3 how are Attitudes realized in
the conversations between a tour guide and foreign tourists in Prambanan Temple. The first problem is analyzed with the interpersonal analysis through Mood and
Residue system. The second one is elaborated with the modality system. The third one is done with the attitude system.
4.1 The Realization of Moods of the Conversations between the Tour Guide
Kategori