Research Design Unit of Analysis Source of Data Technique of Data Collection

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1.6.1 Research Design

In this thesis, the writer uses Memoirs of a Geisha by Arthur Golden as the object of analysis. The writer uses qualitative descriptive method. According to Azwar in Harsono 1999:115, ―In qualitative research the descriptive analysis has an important role. The descriptive data analysis is aimed to give a description about to research subject base on data from variable obtained from the subject group that is examined and does not have any attention for hypothesis testing. ‖ Shortly, in qualitative descriptive the writer gives a description about the research subject based on the data. Here, the main data are taken from Memoirs of a Geisha. The writer uses character and setting to analyze Memoirs of a Geisha.

1.6.2 Unit of Analysis

The writer focuses on the intrinsic elements and extrinsic elements. The intrinsic elements include main characters, conflict, and settings setting of a place, time, and social. The extrinsic elements include sociological view on Japanese Geisha especially from the functional perspective. 6

1.6.3 Source of Data

The writer analyzes the intrinsic elements focused on character, conflict, and setting. The extrinsic element is sociological cultural theory related to the study.

1.6.4 Technique of Data Collection

In getting the data, the writer needs many materials to strengthen his research. Because of that the write takes the data from the library research. Library research is a method of collecting data by reading books and other references, which are related to the topic. This method was used to complete the data needed for this research According to Nazir 1999:111 ―Library research is an activity to find and analyze reference. The writer searches and collects all the necessary and important references, information and ideas from significant sources related to the subject matter to support the ideas in writing the t hesis‖. There are two types of data in this study namely primary and secondary data. The former refers to data taken from the literary work which is studied. And the later refers to data related to any other sources that support the study. Dealing with this, the process of collecting data will also cover the two types of data sources. The following is the summary of the four steps that had been done in collecting data. The first step, is reading the novel. During the reading 7 process, characters, settings, conflicts in the plot development, and the Japanese culture related to Geisha were identified and comprehended deeply. The second step is transferring the data into data table. The data in the table had been numbered based on the order of their occurrence in the novel. Each datum had been classified based on the categorization relevant to the study such as character and characterization, conflicts, and some aspects related to Japanese cultures. The third step is collecting secondary data. In this step, any relevant theory and information related to the study had been used appropriately. The data were taken from any sources, including printed books and electronic sources in the internet dealing with literary theory and sociology.

1.6.5 Technique of Data Analysis