Previous Research THEORETICAL DESCRIPTION

CHAPTER II THEORETICAL DESCRIPTION

A. Previous Research

There are some previous researches in the field of discourse analysis. The first research comes from Carol Wyatt 2009, entitled Discourse Analysis of Inquiry-Based Learning for Grade 5 Readers. The author focuses the analysis on four social language transcripts gathered in 2009 within the Grade 5 classroom. The research primarily utilized the seven building tasks developed by James Gee to explore the students‟ ways of developing text-to- text, text-to-self, and text-to-world connections. In this inquiry, several of the three connection types occur. Most commonly the students offer very personal memories and images as text-to-self connections. These wide-ranging connections include experiences and actions plus beliefs, values and opinions. Only sporadically do students in this group make text-to-text connections which include biblical, novel and movie connections. 10 The second research is in regard with media, news media in particular, with the title Korean Hurricane Media Discourse Analysis by Youngae Lee 2007. The author focuses the research to analyze a particular TV broadcast news discourse called Korean Hurricane Media Discourse KHMD, which was presented online from YTN, a Korean cable TV news station. The data presents the topic of the Korean refugees who were forced to evacuate to 10 Carol Wyatt, “Discourse Analysis of Inquiry-Based Learning for Grade 5 Readers”, Unpublished Master Degree Thesis, Faculty of Arts – Integrated Studies, Athabasca University, 2009. 10 Baton Rouge from New Orleans, after facing the destructions of Hurricane Katrina on August 2005. The methods are Ron Scollon‟s TV news frames, van Dijk‟s superstructure and macrostructure, Allan Bell‟s news structure, Dell Hy mes‟s speaking model, and Erving Goffman‟s natural and social cultural frameworks. The research discovered that discourse analysis in media research is as varied as the fields of discourse studies since media power is persuasive, especially since media primarily has the potential to control the minds of readers or viewers to certain extent. Besides the five frameworks the author has approached in this study, media discourse is open to be analyzed in other various frames. 11 The third is a research entitled A Discourse Analysis on Two Jakarta Post‟s Articles: Violence against Children on the Rise in School: KPAI and Teacher Punished for Beating Student Viewed from Sara Mill‟s Perspective by Dewirini Anggraeni 2010. The author focuses her analysis using Sara Mill‟s perspective of discourse analysis. The perspective concerns on the overview positions of actors; subject, object, reader, raised in texts which can show an object description and possible marginalization in news texts. The writer concluded two arguments: a. The violence case still happens in the educational field whether it is the pattern of marginalization on women or pupil‟s mistake. 11 Youngae Lee, “Korean Hurricane Media Discourse Analysis”, Unpublished Master Degree Thesis, Graduate Faculty of theLouisiana State University, 2007. 11 b. The ideology between male and female role is unequal resulting the violence mostly committed by superior teacher to the inferior pupil. The author also commented on the way the journalists deliver those articles as being really provocative and leading the reader‟s perception into what they say through their words. 12 The fourth research is a paper conducted by Kate Le Roux 2008 entitled Relevance and Access in Undergraduate Mathematics: Using Discourse Analysis to Study Mathematics Texts . The paper reports on the use of discourse analysis to study the text of a mathematics problem which is used in a first-year university Mathematics course in Science in South Africa. The method andtools of Gee, including the seven building tasks, intertextuality, situated meaning, and Discourse and social language,are used to identify and explain how the text presents the activity of answering a mathematics problem and how the text may position the student. It was discovered that the analysis raises questions about the concepts of relevance and access in undergraduate mathematics relating with the identification and description of the activity and identity enacted in the three mathematics texts. 13 12 Dewirini Anggraeni , “A Discourse Analysis on Two Jakarta Post‟s Articles: Violence against Children on the Rise in School: KPAI and Teacher Punished for Beating Student Viewed from Sara Mill‟s Perspective”, Unpublished Bachelor Thesis, Faculty of Letters and Humanities, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, 2010. 13 Kate Le Roux, Research Paper: “Relevance and Access in Undergraduate Mathematics: Using Discourse Analysis to Study Mathematics Texts ”, Numeracy Centre, University of Cape Town, 2008 12 The fifth is a thesis by Nyda Aulia entitled Discourse Analysis of American Girl in Seventeen . Using Roger Fowler and co‟s model of discourse, the author analyzed the text of Seventeen magazine and the ideology that is implied. The research unveils how the representation of American girl in the magazine column was observed along the text, discourse practice text production and text consumption. The representations that the magazine reflected are forward-thinking, stylish, and trendy which also resulted in the form of consumerism ideology. 14 There are a number of differences between the five previous researches mentioned above with this research. First, the notion of social media as an emerging and ever-developing new type of media for discourse studies was not a concern, moreover a focus, of those researches unlike the one conducted in this research paper. Second, the three researches allocated a great magnitude of the focus on the presentation of news as it is a final product of discourse without paying attention to its building process. Third, the length of a discourse was not deliberately taken into consideration when conducting those researches since the focus was on more of a “conventional” form of discourse, while in this research paper is quite the opposite concerning the existence of character limit on Twitter making it a newer and more “progressive” form. 14 Nyda Aulia, “Discourse Analysis of American Girl in Seventeen”, Unpublished Bachelor Thesis, Faculty of Letters and Humanities, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, 2008.

B. Concept