Objective of Study INTRODUCTION
digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id
observations, and the circumstances that shaped his life were taken as evidences of authorial
intention as they were autobiographies, biographies, and history books Tyson, 136.
According to Zima New Criticism believe that one can know if a given author’s intention or a given reader’s interpretation actually represents the text’s meaning is to examine or all
the evidences provided by the language of the text itself, such as the images, symbols, metaphors, rhyme, meter, point of view, setting, characterization, plot, and so forth, which
called formal element Zima, 19-18. Formal element method new criticism includes of the literary devices, figurative language and language structures ignore any culture, historical or
biographical context, but it is focus on the component of language in text itself Gillespie, 178. The method of New Criticism stresses on close reading while concentrating on such
formal aspects as rhythm, meter, theme, imagery, metaphor Eagleton, 80. The interpretation of a text shows that these aspects serve to support the structure of meaning within the text. It
emphasizes close attention to the features from inside the text itself, and it discourages the
use of external evidence to explain the work.