Population Sample Subject of the Study

3.3 Object of the Study

The object of this study is Barron‟s book entitled How to Prepare for the TOEFL Test of English As A Foreign Language 9 th ed, Pamela J,Ph.D.. It is an TOEFL test preparations‟ book for TOEFL test taker.

3.4 Subject of the Study

One step that should be applied before gaining the data is to decide the subject of the study. According to Hadjar 1996: 133 as quoted by Purwanto 2008: 236, subject is the individuals taken part in the research from where the data will be collected. Before collecting the data, the researcher should decide whether the data used will be taken from the whole population or just a part, namely sample.

3.4.1 Population

Population, as stated by Tuckman 1978: 227, is that group which the research is interested in gaining information and drawing conclusions. As quoted by Purwanto 2008: 241, population is generalization zone that consists of objectssubjects whose quantity or characteristics determined by the researcher to be developed and drawn conclusions Sugiyono 1997: 59. Referring to the definition above, the population of this research was the junior students of English Education and Literature of UNNES in the academic year of 20122013. The number of the population of English education students were 150 students and the number of the population of English Literature students were 48 students. So the total numbers of the population were 198 students.

3.4.2 Sample

I think that the population in this this study was too big to be analyzed. Therefore, the writer only took some sample as the representatives of the whole population. Saleh 2001: 33 states that sample is group people, things, or where the data obtained. Also, Tuckman 1978: 226 suggests that sample is defined as representative group from the population to serve as respondents. In other words, sample is representing the population that will be examined. According to Saleh 2001: 34, the number of sample should be sufficient to represent the population. It is stated that if the population is below 100, minimally the sample should be taken 50. While if the population is between 101 and 500, minimally 30 - 50 should be applied. On the population of 501 – 1000, the sample applied should be 20 – 30. Then, if the population are more than 1000, the sample taken should be minimally 15 - 20. The total number of the students was 198, that was on the range 101 – 500 with 30 - 50 samples should be used. Accordingly, the writer would like to pick 25 students in Education and also 25 students in Literature as the representation of the population that has fulfilled the criteria of sampling technique. So the whole number of them as representation of the population that has fulfilled the criteria of sampling technique were 50 students.

3.5 Role of the Researcher