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CHAPTER III METHODS OF INVESTIGATION
This chapter presents the explanation about the methods used in this research, including the research design, population and samples method of
quantitative research, research variable, instrument of the study, procedures and data collecting and data analysis.
3.1 Research Design
This study was designed to get information concerning the reading profile students from the result of TOEFL test. This study used descriptive quantitative
approach to
analyze the
data. Descriptive
research, also
known as statistical research, describes data and characteristics about the population or
phenomenon that is being studied. However, it does not answer the questions which are done under analytical research. Although the data description is factual,
accurate and systematic, the research cannot describe what causes a situation. Thus, descriptive research cannot be used to create a causal relationship, in which
one variable affects another. In other words, descriptive research can be said to have a low requirement for internal validity.
In line with the statement above, Best in Hartoyo 2011: 75-76, states that: “Descriptive research describes and interprets what it is”. It is concerned
with conditions of relationships that exist, practices that prevail, beliefs, processes that are going on, effect that are being felt, or trends that are developing. The
process of descriptive research goes beyond mere gathering and tabulation of data.
It involves the elements or interpretation of the meaning, or significance of what is described. Thus description is often combined with comparison and contrast
involving measurement, classification, interpretation, and evaluations. Based on the statements mentioned above, it can be concluded that
descriptive research is called quantitative research. Descriptive or quantitative research is done by the researcher because of some reasons, such as the
descriptive approach was adopted for collecting data. Descriptive approach in data collection in quantitative research gives the ability to collect accurate data on and
provide a clear picture of the phenomenon under study. I decided to use a descriptive method in my research since its nature is for
measuring the students‟ reading profile within it. Classroom descriptive research was used in this research because this research directly related with statistical and
student‟s scores. Quantitative method will be used in this study because I focused my
attention on Population and sample, Research Variables, Simple Accounting in analyzing and collecting the
data from the students‟ answers sheet of Reading Section Test TOEFL of fifth semester students of English department in
Education and Literature program in the academic year of 20122013. It should be any result and better change after the research was held.
3.2 Place of the Study
