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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
In this chapter, the researcher reviews some theories which are used to answer the research questions. The researcher divides this chapter into three
sections. They are theoretical description, review of related studies, and theoretical framework.
A. Theoretical Description
In this section, the researcher reviews the description of perception, the accent, and listening skills.
1. Perception
The fundamental component in understanding why people behave the way they do is called perception. Perception is described as how someone perceived
something on some particular matters. George and Jones 2005 claim that Perception is the process by which individuals select, organize, and
interpret the input from their senses vision, hearing, touch, smell, and taste to give meaning to world around them. The sensory organs, for
examples are eyes, ears, tongue, nose and skin create the process of perception p. 105
In this study, the students use their sense hearing to create perception. Then the s
tudents‟ perceptions on the listening activity in CLS 2 class could be positive or negative. One factor that influences the perception is motivation. Cegala 1981,
and Daly and McCroskey 1984 in Brownell 1996, p. 50 state that motivation is the key to concentration and accurate interpretation in any activity. Thus, when
10 the students are motivated to devote their effort and energy to the listening
activity, they have a good perception and improve their listening skills. On the other hand, the students do not have a good perception if they are not motivated
to devote their effort to the listening activity. Further, Altman, Valenzi, and Hodgetts 1985, p. 85 also state that
perception is the way stimuli are selected and grouped by a person so that they could
be meaningfully interpreted. In other words, it was a person‟s view of reality.
Someone‟s perception on something is influenced by many factors, and those factors make the perception different among others. The following are the
factors influencing perception according to Altman et al., 1985, p. 86.
a. Selection of Stimuli
The process in which the person focuses only on small numbers of stimuli information is also known as selection of stimuli. It is one of the reasons why
people perceive things differently. For example, in this study, some students are able to concentrate and focus in selecting the most important information from the
speakers ‟ speaking while others could not select which information that is the
most important.
b. Organization of the Stimuli
The information which has been selected then must be arranged in a meaningful way. The organization could be done by selecting certain items and
putting them together in a meaningful way. For example, in this study, the students are able to deliver the information that heshe gets from the videos by
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