“Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching”. Then, the data which is related to the problems that are faced by the teachers was also analyzed based on the theory in
the book “Methodology in Language Teaching An Anthology of Current Practice”
edited by Richards and Renandya 2002. Besides, this study is also supported by the theory from Larsen-Freeman 2000 on her book entitled
“Techniques and Principles in Language Teaching”.
This study also uses triangulation technique in analyzing the data. This technique was conducted regarding to time, which mean the technique was done at
three different times to conduct check, re-check, and cross check. First, the data which was obtained from the informant was checked. In the second meeting, it was
re-checked to make sure the data which has been collected in the first meeting is not mistaken. Afterwards, the last meeting of this technique is cross check by conducting
the observation of both teachers in order to cross check the data; therefore, in the end there would be no mistake in the analyzed data.
1.5.4 Method and Technique of Presenting the Analysis
According to Sudaryanto 1993:145, there are two kinds of methods in presenting the analysis; they are informal and formal methods. Informal method
refers to the method of presenting the analysis by using words, while the formal method uses symbols, diagrams, figures, and tables in presenting the analysis.
This study uses the informal method in presenting the analysis. The analysis of this study is presented by classifying the kinds of method which are applied by the
teachers according to the characteristics based on Richards and Rodgers by using words. The analysis of the second problem is presented by categorizing the problems
which are mostly faced by the teachers by using words as well. Diagrams and symbols are not used to support the presentation of the analyzed data.
9
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE, CONCEPTS AND THEORETICAL
FRAMEWORK
2.1 Review of Literature
This part of study presents the review of seven studies from the previous students of English Department and other students from different university. The
topics of the studies reviewed are related to this study’s topic.
The study comes from Mariana 2007 entitled “English Teaching Method
Applied by Acceleration Class of SD Muhammadiyah 2 Denpasar” analyzed the type of teaching method used by the acceleration class of SD Muhammadiyah 2 Denpasar.
The theory which was applied in this study is from the book “Approaches and
Methods in Language Teaching” written by Richards and Rodgers 1986. Mariana’s study is slightly similar with this study as Mariana’s study analyzed the type of
teaching method used by certain institution or school. In this study, the data source comes from the teachers who teach English in SMAN 1 Kuta Utara, while Mariana
’s study used data source from an acceleration class of a specific elementary school.
Mariana’s study might be considered complete as it does not only consist of the teaching method but also consists of the steps and procedures in applying the
methods. It also discuss about the teaching technique used in SD Muhammadiyah 2 Denpasar which consist of warm-up technique, setting technique, content of
explanation, role play technique, reading aloud, translation technique, copying technique, identification technique, dialogue technique, dictation technique, and
testing technique. As Marian a’s study contains almost everything relates to teaching
method, the weakness which can be found is the less explanation of the results in applying the methods since it does not really focus on the result that can be obtained
through the methods applied. The result whether the students can understand the materials given through those methods are not specifically discussed.
The study which is entitled “The Approach, Methods, and Techniques Used in
English Language Teaching at the State Elementary School No. 2 Gianyar” from
Cindraheni 2007 is based on the theory proposed by Richards and Rodgers 1992. Cindraheni’s study is similar with this study as both studies analyze the methods and
techniques of English teaching. Unlike the other studies which are more specific in analyzing the method, Cindraheni’s study presents the general analysis of the
teaching method in a certain school. Cindraheni’s study also describes the difficulties in using the teaching method. The difficulties that are faced by teachers and students
are included in Cindraheni’s study which become the strength if compared with other studies. The weakness is in the discussion about both good and bad effects of the
methods which are not found in Cindraheni’s study. “English Teaching Techniques Used in SD Negeri 1 Abianbase in Teaching
Language Skills” is the following study to be reviewed which was written by Dewi 2007. Dewi’s study is aimed to analyze the techniques which are applied by the
