Research Findings

B. Research Findings

1. The analysis of the strategies used in taboo expressions translation

The researcher found eleven strategies employed to translate taboo expression in the movie “Knocked-Up”; they are:

1. Translation using taboo expressions with similar expressive meaning and form

In this strategy, the translator changes the taboo expression in the source language which is translated into taboo expression in the target language and has both the same expressive meaning and propositional meaning. Thus, both source language and target language refer to the same thing in the real word and express the similar degree of expressiveness. These are the examples of the data using the strategies: Example 1:

Context of situation: Alison tells Ryan (TV presenter) not to interview Jessica Simpson on personal things. Alison:

She doesn’t want to talk about her boobs or her father’s comments about her boobs. ….atau payudaranya atau komentar ayahnya tentang payudaranya

Datum no.008 According to Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English, ‘boobs’ refer to woman’s breasts translated using its equivalence ‘payudara’ which is also considered as taboo expression in TT. Here, ‘boobs’ and ‘payudara’ is considered vulgar since it brings sexual connotation. Thus, the translation results in the similar propositional and expressive meanings since both ST and TT similarly refer to woman’s breasts and have similar level of vulgarity. Example 2: Context of situation:

Debbie tells Alison that Pete, his husband, masturbated. Debbie:

I walked in on him masturbating one night. Aku memergoki Pete melakukan onani.

Datum no. 019

‘Masturbate’ means ‘provide sexual excitement by manual or other stimulations of the genital organs’ (Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English) translated into its one-to-one correspondence ‘onani’. In TT, ‘onani’ is considered as taboo expression. Here, ‘masturbate’ and ‘onani’ have similar propositional meaning and expressive meaning. Example 3: Context of situation:

The doorman is offended by Debbie. Doorman:

I would tear that ass up. Aku akan merobek bokongmu.

Datum no. 168 The site of www.sex-lexis.com notes that ‘ass’ is slang word for buttock translated into its ready equivalence ‘bokong’. Here, the doorman was angry to Debby because she has offended him. ‘Ass’ and ‘bokong’ has similar vulgarity since they refer to the part of the body. Therefore, ‘bokong’ is considered as the taboo expression in the target text. The translation delivers the similar propositional and expressive meanings in a way that both terms refer to the same thing in the real world, ‘buttock’, employed to express anger.

There are 16 data or 7.1 % of the overall data of taboo expressions translated using this strategy. They are as follow:

Table 4.1

Translation using taboo expressions with similar expressive meaning and

form

No. Data Number

whacks off

Wanita-wanita jalang

Menunjukkan kemaluannya

My pubes

Rambut kemaluanku

B.J.

Oral seks

Your asshole

Lubang bokongmu

bastard child

anak haram

Gadis jalang

Jerk off

beronani

2. Translation using non taboo expressions with similar expressive meaning and form

In this strategy, the translator changes the taboo expression in the source language which is translated into non taboo expression in the target language and has both the same expressive meaning and propositional meaning. Thus, both source language and target language refer to the same thing in the real word and express the similar degree of expressiveness. These are the examples of the data using the strategies:

Example 1: Context of situation:

Ben explains about Alison’s birth signs. Ben It’s a bloody mucusy discharge.

Pengeluaran cairan darah .

According to Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English, ‘bloody’ is bleeding or covered with blood. The translator rendered ‘bloody’ into ‘darah’ which is equivalent with its definition in the source text. ‘Darah’, the translation of ‘bloody’, is not considered as taboo expression in the target language. Somehow, the word ‘bloody’ and ‘darah’ have the propositional meaning and expressive meaning equally.

Example 2: Context of situation:

Pete makes fun of Ben for wearing preppy clothes in the party.

Pete:

You’re the one that got dressed up like a Cholo on Easter to come to this. Kaulah yang berpakaian gangster Meksiko di pesta ini.

Datum no. 185 According to www.urbandictionary.com, ‘Cholo’ is a pejorative term to refer to marginalized Mexican gangster. The translator rendered ‘Cholo’ by Datum no. 185 According to www.urbandictionary.com, ‘Cholo’ is a pejorative term to refer to marginalized Mexican gangster. The translator rendered ‘Cholo’ by

There are 3 data or 1.3 % of the overall data of taboo expressions translated using this strategy. They are as follow:

Table 4.2 Translation using non taboo expressions with similar expressive meaning and form

No. Data

Translation Number

Gangster Meksiko

3. Translation using taboo expressions with less expressive meaning but similar form

Within this strategy, the translator employs euphemism to tone down the vulgar expression. In this strategy, the translator changes the taboo expression in the source language which is translated into taboo expression in the target language. This strategy is mostly employed to overcome the Within this strategy, the translator employs euphemism to tone down the vulgar expression. In this strategy, the translator changes the taboo expression in the source language which is translated into taboo expression in the target language. This strategy is mostly employed to overcome the

Example 1: Context of situation:

Ben asks Alison about what happened last night.

Ben: Did we have sex? Apa kita berhubungan badan?

Datum no. 047 ‘Have sex’ is an explicit expression to refer to ‘having sexual intercourse’. In the target text, ‘have sex’ is then translated into a more implicit expression ‘berhubungan badan’. ‘Berhubungan badan’ is considered as taboo expression in TT because it relates to sexual intercourse which is impolite term in the culture of target language. ‘Have sex’ is more vulgar than ‘berhubungan badan’ since ‘have sex’ contains stronger sexual message than ‘berhubungan badan’. Therefore, both ‘have sex’ and ‘berhubungan badan’ convey similar propositional meaning but dissimilar expressive meaning.

Example 2: Context of situation: Alison is surprise because Debbie follows her to the bathroom to use pregnancy test. Alison: God, you really had to pee. - , kau benar-benar harus buang air kecil.

Datum no. 063 According to www.thefreedictionary.com, ‘pee’ is an informal word refers to the act of urinating. The translator transfers the word ‘pee’ into ‘buang air kecil’. ‘Buang air kecil’ and ‘pee’ have similar propositional meaning since they refer to urinate. In the TT, ‘buang air kecil’ is considered as taboo expression because it contains bodily excretion. ‘Buang air kecil’ in the TT is more polite than the word ‘pee’ in the ST because ‘buang air kecil’ is the formal word for urinating, while ‘pee’ is an informal word. Therefore, they have dissimilar expressive meaning since the word ‘buang air kecil’ is less expressive than the word ‘pee’.

There are 14 data or 6.2 % of the overall data of taboo expressions translated using this strategy. They are as follow:

Table 4.3 Translation using taboo expressions with less expressive meaning but similar form

No. Data

Translation Number

Data

Get laid

Berhubungan badan

Fuck me

Meniduriku

Have sex

Berhubungan badan

Pee

Buang air kecil

My shit

Berhubungan badan

Fuck

Berhubungan badan

Your vagina

Buang angin

Top that ass

Kemaluan pria

4. Translation using taboo expressions with less expressive meaning and dissimilar form

This strategy is similar to translating using euphemism which is to soften the vulgar expression in the source text. In this strategy, the translator changes the taboo expression in the source language which is translated into taboo expression in the target language. Somehow, this strategy results in different propositional meaning since the proposition in the target text is different from that in the source text. From the analysis, the researcher found out that this strategy is done for two specific reasons. Firstly, the source text is This strategy is similar to translating using euphemism which is to soften the vulgar expression in the source text. In this strategy, the translator changes the taboo expression in the source language which is translated into taboo expression in the target language. Somehow, this strategy results in different propositional meaning since the proposition in the target text is different from that in the source text. From the analysis, the researcher found out that this strategy is done for two specific reasons. Firstly, the source text is

Debbie asks Alison about what Alison’s opinion about Pete. Debbie : There’s no part of you that thinks maybe he’s a dirty little scumbag?

Tidak ada bagian dari dirimu yang berpikir dia itu mungkin pecundang? Datum no. 120 According to NTC’s Thematic Dictionary of American Slang, ‘scumbag’ is a mean and wretched person, usually a male. It has different meaning with ‘pecundang’ in the target text since ‘pecundang’ means a cowardly person. Somehow, ‘scumbag’ is ruder than ‘pecundang’ since ‘scumbag’ is a street language which has stronger expressiveness than ‘pecundang’. Here, ‘pecundang’ in TT is more polite than ‘scumbag’ in the ST. Therefore, ‘scumbag’ and ‘pecundang’ have dissimilar propositional and expressive meaning. Example 2: Context of situation:

Jonah feels terrible when coming out of the birthing room

Jonah: Try getting a boner now.

Kau takkan bisa terangsang lagi. Datum no. 225 Www.sex-lexis.com notes that ‘boner’ refers to ‘an erected penis’ translated into ‘terangsang’. Both expressions contain sexual connotation but they have different message since ‘terangsang’ refers to mental and physical arousal to sexual excitement. Therefore, both ST and TT have different propositional meaning since they refer to different things. They both are also different in expressive meaning since ‘boner’ is sexually stronger than ‘terangsang’.

There are 2 data or 0.9 % of the overall data of taboo expressions translated using this strategy. They are as follow:

Table 4.4 Translation using taboo expressions with less expressive meaning and dissimilar form

No. Data

Translation Number

Data

Scumbag

Pecundang

Boner

Terangsang

5. Translation using non taboo expressions with less expressive meaning and dissimilar form

This strategy is similar to the previous one in a way that they both use less expressive words (euphemism) to soften the vulgar expression in the source text. In this strategy, the translator changes the taboo expression in the source language which is translated into non taboo expression in the target language. Somehow, this strategy results in different propositional meaning since the proposition in the target text is different from that in the source text. Example 1:

. Context of situation:

Jonah tells Ben about what Alison likes from Ben. Jonah:

She like the way your dick tastes. Dia suka gayamu

Datum no. 068 In the dialogue above, ‘the way your dick tastes’ is translated into ‘gayamu’. The source text contains strong sexual message that does not exist in the target text since ‘the way your dick tastes’ consists of the words ‘dick’ which is the slang word for male genital organ, ‘penis’. Meanwhile, ‘gaya’ is

a neutral word (meaning ‘your style’) which does not contain any sexual connotation at all. Therefore, ‘gaya’ is considered as non taboo expression. ‘The way your dick tastes’ and ‘gayamu’ are not equivalent since they contain totally different messages. Therefore both ST and TT have different a neutral word (meaning ‘your style’) which does not contain any sexual connotation at all. Therefore, ‘gaya’ is considered as non taboo expression. ‘The way your dick tastes’ and ‘gayamu’ are not equivalent since they contain totally different messages. Therefore both ST and TT have different

Ben is peevish to Pete and he abuses Pete because Pete makes strange behavior.

Ben: And she busts your balls because you’re a little bitch. Dan dia memarahimu karena kau pria menyedihkan yang kotor!

Datum no.180 ‘Bitch’ is a derogatory term which means a ‘spiteful woman’ (Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English). In the translation above, ‘bitch’ literally means ‘female dog’ but then it becomes slang which is used to contempt to women. ‘A little bitch’ is translated into ‘pria menyedihkan yang kotor’ which convey different propositional meaning since they both have different addressee, ‘bitch’ does not refer to men but it refers to women. Somehow, ‘a little bitch’ is more vulgar and offensive than ‘pria menyedihkan yang kotor’ since ‘bitch’ contains rude term while ‘pria menyedihkan yang kotor’ does not. Therefore, the expressive meaning in ‘a little bitch’ is higher than that in ‘pria menyedihkan yang kotor’.

There are 62 data or 27.3 % of the overall data of taboo expressions translated using this strategy. They are as follow:

Table 4.5 Translation using non taboo expressions with less expressive meaning and dissimilar form

No. Data

Translation Number

Data

Get pissed

kesal

The balls

Yang berani

The shit

bicara

The shit

omong kosongnya

Fuck up

Mengacaukan

Pisses me off

Membuatku kesal

My shit

ketenanganku

What the fuck!

Ada apa ini?

Kicking fuckin’ ass

Orang Yahudi

Mother fucker

Orang Yahudi

Screw it

Lupakan saja

Gives a shit

Peduli dengan dia

Hook up

What the fuck!

Apa-apaan ini?

Jerking your chain

Fuckin’-A

Benar sekali

The way your dick tastes

Gayamu

Fuck off

Yang benar saja

Your vagina

Milikmu

What the fuck!

Apa-apaan?

The milk

perkembangan

Fuck over

Campakkan

Go ape-shit

Senang

Give a shit

peduli

hauling ass

A pain in the ass

Menyebalkan

Gargles my balls

Membuatku merasa mual

Give a shit

Katakan terhadap perkataanmu itu

Gives a flying fuck

Yang peduli

Asshole

Orang bodoh

Fuck you!

Masa bodoh kau

A crazy bitch

Wanita gila

Semua kegiatanku

Tanpa celana

Old ass

Wanita tua

Fucking men!

Dasar pria!

Pissy

Yang mudah marah

Busts your balls

memarahimu

A little bitch

Pria menyedihkan yang kotor

Buruk sekali

Shitty

Yang buruk

Perilaku buruk

Your bloody show

pendarahanmu

As big a dick

Sombong

My cock

Masa bodoh

High off your ass

Sangat teler

6. Translation by more general word

Here, the translator renders the taboo expressions using the expression in the target text that can cover the meaning found in the source text. This Here, the translator renders the taboo expressions using the expression in the target text that can cover the meaning found in the source text. This

While playing ping pong, Jason tells that he had been practicing ping pong for fifteen years. Out of nowhere, Jonah adds something.

Jonah: And twelve years of sucking dick lessons. Dan belajar tentang seks selama 12 tahun.

Datum no. 100 ‘Sucking dick’ refers to ‘oral sex or sexual stimulation using mouth’ translated into ‘seks’. Here, ‘seks’ (meaning ‘sex’) is a more general term for ‘sucking dick’ since ‘sex’ can cover any forms of sexual activities including ‘sucking dick’. Thus, contextually, the meaning of ST is covered within TT. The translator rendered the word ‘sucking’ dick’ with ‘seks’ because ‘sucking dick’ is too vulgar and dirty to be literally translated in TT.

There is only 6 data or 2.6 % of the overall data of taboo expressions translated using this strategy. They are as follow:

Table 4.6

Translation by more general word

No. Data

Translation Number

My dick

My balls

kemaluanku

5. 100

Sucking dick

seks

6. 104

Your vagina

Kemaluanmu

7. Translation by omission

This strategy is the more drastic version of ‘translation by less expressive words’. Here, the translator totally eliminates the taboo expression resulting in the total loss of expressive meaning in the translation. This strategy mostly produces different effect on the target readers in the target text since they are not able to capture the emotional elements found in the source text. Example 1: Context of situation:

Ben is upset since Alison wakes him up.

Ben:

Why the fuck are we awake? Mengapa kita sudah bangun?

Datum no. 048

As can be seen, ‘why the fuck are we awake?’ is translated into ‘mengapa kita sudah bangun?’ In the expression, “the fuck” is used as a swearing word to express anger, annoyance, or frustration to the object being talked about (awake) or to the addressee (Alison). The word ‘fuck’ is omitted in the translation above since when translated literally; it will reduce the politeness of the translation. This translation is permissible since ‘the fuck’ in the above utterance does not significantly contribute to the core meaning of the utterance (expressive only). It is accordance with Mona Baker (1992:14) who says that ‘words which contribute solely to the expressive meaning can

be removed without affecting its information content’. Therefore, ST and TT have similar propositional meaning but ST is more expressive since it contains more anger than TT. Example 2: Context of situation:

Martin holds Jason and afterwards Jason makes fun of him.

Jason:

Your face smells like an old man’s balls. Wajahmu baunya seperti pria tua.

Datum no. 226 According to www.sex-lexis.com, ‘balls’ is slang word for testicles and deleted in the translation above. The sexual connotation in ST is actually significant in creating the funny effect for the audience. Somehow the Datum no. 226 According to www.sex-lexis.com, ‘balls’ is slang word for testicles and deleted in the translation above. The sexual connotation in ST is actually significant in creating the funny effect for the audience. Somehow the

Context of situation: Ben is upset with the club gatekeeper since he is not allowed to enter for after queuing up so long while the two new-coming girls enter right away. Ben:

How long you gonna make us wait out here, for Christ’s sake? Berapa lama kami harus menunggu di luar sini, - ?

Datum no. 022 As we can see, ‘for Christ’s sake' is deleted in the translation above. Contextually, Ben said ‘for Christ’s sake’ to express his anger toward the gatekeeper. ‘For Christ’s sake’ is equivalent with ‘Demi Tuhan Yesus’ in TT but it is deleted since the translator probably thought that it contained profanity or religious tendency. Actually, this is important to translate ‘for Christ’s sake’ since it contains expressive meaning of the utterance which is the anger of the speaker. Consequently, the expressive meaning of ST is degraded in TT even though there is no loss of significant information.

Somehow, the translator can still maintain the expressive meaning of ST by translating ‘for Christ’s sake’ into ‘Demi Tuhan’.

There are 86 data or 37.9 % of the overall data of taboo expressions translated using this translation strategy. They are as follow:

Table 4.7 Translation by Omission

No. Data

Translation Number

Oh, fucking booya

for Christ’s sake

“Munich” fuckin’ rules

Munich keren

10. 040 Are you fuckin’ crazy, man? Apa kau gila?

Fuck off

13. 048 Why the fuck are we awake? Mengapa kita sudah bangun?

Fuckin’ movie

Film

Fuckin’ joke shows

Acara lelucon

What the hell is this?

Apa-apaan ini?

18. 070 How do I pay rent and shit? Membayar uang sewa?

Some shit

How the fuck could this

Bagaimana ini bisa terjadi?

happen?

Get fucking doing

Fuckin’ butterfly clips

What the hell is a dental

Apa itu penahan gigi?

dam?

The fuck

I’m a fuckin’ inventor?

Aku ini seorang penemu?

26. 084 Fuckin’ believe Percaya

27. 085 Who the fuck I am Siapa diriku

28. 089 Fuckin’ rock Beraksi

Shit

30. 091 Fuckin’ pubes Rambut kemaluan

31. 092 I’m gonna fuckin’ lose my Aku akan menjadi gila

mind

A fuckin’ stuffed animal Binatang berbulu

36. 107 Your fucking head kepalamu

37. 108 So fucking stupid Sangat bodoh

38. 115 How the fuck did this Bagaimana ini bisa terjadi? happen?

Shit

40. 123 Ben’s dick Ben

Shit

42. 130 What the fuck is this? Apa-apaan ini?

43. 132 I’ve sacrificed a lot of shit to Aku sudah banyak berkorban

this

44. 136 The fucking car Mobil

45. 137 Are you fucking kidding me? Apa kau bercanda?

46. 138 Three fucking miles Tiga mil

47. 139 Fucking engraved Mengukir

48. 148 You fuck -

49. 150 All fucking day Sepanjang hari

50. 151 Fucking thing Pintu

51. 156 Your fucking face Wajahmu

52. 157 What the fuck was that? Apa itu tadi?

53. 158 The end of the fucking line Mengantri

54. 159 Who the fuck are you? Kau ini siapa?

55. 160 My fucking skirt Rokku

56. 161 What the fuck is your Apa masalahmu? problem?

A fucking clipboard Papan kertas

58. 163 Fucking rope Tali

59. 165 Your fucking little faggy Sarung tanganmu

I fucking hate this job Aku benci pekerjaan ini

61. 169 The fuck -

62. 171 This shit ini

A fucking whale

Paus

Fucking unfair

Tidak adil

Holy fuck

Fucking psychedelics

Tingkat narkoba

Dokterku sendiri doctor

my own goddamned

Guess what the fuck’s up?

Tebak apa yang terjadi?

You are not fucking here

Kau tidak ada di sini

A fucking Bar Mitzvah

Sebuah Bar Mitzvah

You are fucking Biggie

Kau Biggie

Fucking die

Mati

I want to get the fuck out

Aku ingin keluar dari sini.

here.

I don’t fucking like hospitals. Aku tidak suka rumah sakit.

A fucking panic attack

Serangan panic

A fucking room

Ruangan

Fucking coughs malaria

Memuntahkan malaria

Fucking shit

What the hell was that?

Apa itu?

Oh fuck

Back the fuck off

The last fucking place

Tempat terakhir

An old man’s balls

Pria tua

8. Translation by loan word plus explanation

Here, the translator renders the taboo expressions by borrowing them into the target text. The translator uses this strategy to maintain the foreign flavor or introduce new knowledge to the audience. Here is the example: Example 1: Context of situation:

Alison compliments Ben’s curly hair and asks whether he wears a kind of hair product. Ben:

I use Jew. Aku memakai Jew (Yahudi) .

Datum no. 045 Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English notes that ‘Jew’ refers to ‘person of the Hebrew people or religion’. Contextually, Ben said ‘Jew’ to mean that he wears a product that makes his hair curly as a Jew instead of referring to a real name of the product. The translator rendered the word ‘Jew’ by borrowing and attributing it with additional information (Yahudi).

There is only one datum or 0.4 % of the overall data of taboo expressions translated using this translation strategy.

Table 4.8

Translation by loan word plus explanation

No. Data

Translation Number

Data

I use Jew.

Aku memakai Jew (Yahudi).

9. Translation by swearing word

Here, the translator renders the swearing words in the source text with swearing words commonly used in the target text which are mostly less expressive than those in the source text. Here are the examples: Example 1: Context of situation:

Alison is angry since Ben makes fun of him. Alison :

Nice. You’re such an asshole. Bagus. Kau memang pecundang.

Datum no. 146 NTC’s Thematic Dictionary of American Slang, ‘asshole’ refers to a hateful person which is a rude term of address. ‘Asshole’ is one of the swearing words used to harm or attack someone. In the TT, ‘asshole’ is translated into ‘pecundang’ which is less expressive than ‘asshole’ since ‘asshole’ is cruder than ‘pecundang’. The propositional meanings of both ‘asshole’ and ‘pecundang’ are different since ‘pecundang’ refers to a cowardly person. ‘Asshole’ will be better if translated into ‘brengsek’. Example 2: Context of situation:

Ben, Martin, Jonah, Jay and Jason are very upset since their personal internet site is similar to that of other people.

Ben :

God damn it! Sialan!

Datum no. 117

‘God damn it’ is an interjection which is one kind of swearing words. According to Timothy Jay, ‘God damn it’ is blasphemy which is offensive threat to God. Here, ‘God damn it’ is considered as taboo because it aims to insults or disrespect something related to God. In the dialog above, Ben and his friends was shocked and angry, then Ben swore ‘God damn it’. In ST, ‘God damn it’ is translated into ‘sialan’ which is also an expletive to express anger and other negative emotions. In terms of expressive meaning, ST is more expressive than TT in a way that ‘God damn it!’ contains a blasphemy against God while ‘sialan!’ does not involve any reference to taboo words such as sexuality, religion, scatology, etc.

There are 26 data or 11.5 % of the overall data of taboo expressions translated using this translation strategy. They are as follow:

Table 4.9 Translation by swearing word

No. Data Number

Damn it

Sialan

Fuck you

Sialan kau

Dick!

Pecundang!

asshole

Pecundang

Oh shit!

Mother fuckers!

Pecundang!

Well…fuck!

Ya…sial!

Fuck off!

Sialan kau!

Fucking dipshit!

Dasar bodoh!

Fuck me in the beard

Sialan

God damn it!

Sialan!

Well shit

Sial

Fuck me

Fucking fag

Dasar banci

Piece of shit

Dasar bodoh

10. Translation by reduction

This strategy involves reducing the element of information found in the source text. Peter Newmark calls this strategy as an ‘imprecise translation’ in a way that the meaning in the source text is deducted and not precisely transferred into the target text. Here are the examples: Example 1: Context of situation:

Ryan is upset with Jessica Simpson since she refuses to answer personal questions in the interview.

Ryan:

They’re all sucking the teat! Mereka semua penjilat!

Datum no. 012 ‘Sucking the teat’ refers to sex stimulation involving mouth and teat (slang word for ‘nipple’) translated into ‘penjilat’ in TT. From the translation, it is obvious that ‘the teat’ is deleted and thus the sexual message found in ST lost in TT. The translator deleted the sexual connotation ‘the teat’ because of cultural considerations in TT. Further, this loss of information causes the reduction of expressive meaning in TT. Therefore, ST is more expressive than TT since ST is more vulgar and rude than TT.

Example 2:

Ben is upset and tries to blame Allison for the wrong situation.

Ben:

A made a dick-skin condom? Aku memakai kondom kulit?

Datum no. 081 As we can see in the above translation, sexual term ‘dick-skin condom’ is translated into ‘kondom kulit’. Literally, ‘dick-skin condom’ means a condom which is made from the skin of a dick (slang for ‘penis’). The sex organ ‘dick’ in ST is deleted within its translation and thus results in

a more convenient words ‘kondom kulit’ in TT. Therefore, the information within ST is reduced in TT in order to make the translation more appropriate a more convenient words ‘kondom kulit’ in TT. Therefore, the information within ST is reduced in TT in order to make the translation more appropriate

There are 3 data or 1.3 % of the overall data of taboo expressions translated using this translation strategy. They are as follow:

Table 4.10 Translation by reduction

No. Data

Translation Number

Data

1. 012

Sucking the teat

Penjilat

2. 081

Dick-skin condom

Kondom kulit

11. Translation by using proper interjection

Here, the translator renders the proper interjection in the source text with proper interjection commonly used in the target text which is mostly less expressive and implicit than those in the source text. Here are the examples: Example 1: Context of situation:

Ben is dead shocked seeing the very expensive baby box. Ben :

Holy shit, it’s fourteen hundred bucks. Ya ampun. Harganya 1400 dollar.

Datum no. 112

‘Holy shit’ here is an expletive to express surprise which contains blasphemy or insult to God. ‘Holy’ is a common term referring to the holy spirit of Jesus combined with ‘shit’ which is a term of scatology. The literal translation for ‘holy shit’ is very vulgar and rude and thus the translator rendered ‘Holy shit’ into a more convenient expression ‘Ya ampun’. Although both ST and TT express surprise but ‘holy shit’ here is more expressive’ than ‘Ya ampun’ since ST employs taboo words while TT employs more neutral words. Example 2: Context of situation:

Jay is surprised with what Jonah says about the hospital. Jay:

Jesus. Ya Tuhan.

Datum no. 212 Similar to the previous example, ‘Jesus’ is also an expletive to express surprise translated into ‘Ya Tuhan’. ‘Jesus’ here contains religious tendency. The translator rendered ‘Jesus’ with a more neutral word ‘Ya Tuhan’ which is more equivalent with ‘Oh my God’. Here, ‘Ya Tuhan’ is more neutral than ‘Jesus’ since ‘Ya Tuhan’ can refer to any God and does not refer to a certain religion.

There are 8 data or 3.5% of the overall data of taboo expressions translated using this translation strategy. They are as follow:

Table 4.11

Translation by using proper interjection

No. Data

Translation Number

Data

Oh my gosh

Ya ampun!

Oh, my God

Ya Tuhan

Holy shit

Ya ampun

Holy crap!

Ya ampun!

Oh, my God!

Ya Tuhan

Holy shit, almighty!

Ya ampun! Ya ampun!

My goodness.

Ya Tuhan

2. The Translation Accuracy and Acceptability

The accuracy and the acceptability of the taboo expressions translation were assessed by three raters which are symbolized as R1, R2, and R3. Those three raters were given a questionnaire using open-ended form. By such type of questionnaire, the raters can give a score alongside with the comments or reasons why they assessed so.

1. Accuracy

The accuracy assessment of the taboo expressions translations is measured based on the following scale and definition

Scale 4 = Very Accurate

The propositional meaning and the expressive meaning of taboo expressions in the source language are accurately conveyed into the target language according to the context.

Scale 3 = Accurate

The propositional meaning of taboo expression in the source language is accurately conveyed into the target language but the expressive meaning is not.

Scale 2 = Less accurate

The expressive meaning of taboo expression is accurately conveyed into the target language but the propositional meaning is not.

Scale 1 = Inaccurate

Both propositional and the expressive meanings of taboo expressions in the source language are not accurately conveyed into the target language or the source text is omitted/deleted.

After taking the questionnaire back, the raters’ assessment were calculated and put into table. The formula to calculate mean for accuracy is presented below:

The Mean Formula for Accuracy

Mean = R1 + R2 + R3

3 The total average or total mean of the data is gained from the formula as shown below:

The Total Mean Formula of Accuracy

Total Mean = ∑ mean data

After the statistical calculations of the data are counted by the researcher, the data are classified into four categories, as shown below: Classification A: The taboo expressions translation is very accurate, contains the data

with the average scale from 4.0. Classification B: The taboo expressions translation is accurate, contains the data with the average scale from 3.0-3.9. Classification C: The taboo expressions translation is less accurate, contains the data with the average scale from 1.1– 2.9. Classification D: The taboo expressions translation is inaccurate, contains the data with the scale from 1.0. Below is the Classification Table of the Accuracy of the Taboo Expressions Translation:

Table 4.12 Classification Table of the Accuracy of the Taboo Expressions Translation

No Classification

Data Numbers

Total Percentage

1. A 006, 007, 008, 015, 017, 019, 020,

25 11%

034, 039, 047, 065, 088, 114, 117, 145, 155, 168, 176, 178, 185, 192, 219, 222, 225, 227

2. B 001, 003, 005, 011, 012, 013, 014,

106 46.7%

023, 024, 025, 026, 027, 029, 030, 031, 032, 033, 035, 037, 038, 041, 044, 045, 050, 051, 053, 054, 055, 056, 058, 060, 061, 063, 064, 066, 067, 068, 072, 074, 079, 082, 086, 087, 093, 094, 096, 097, 098, 100, 102, 103, 104, 105, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 118, 120, 121, 122, 124,

In the table above, the numbers of data are 227 which consist of 25 data (11%) are considered to be very accurate translation, 106 data (46.7%) are considered to be accurate translation, 87 data (38,3%) are considered to be less accurate translation, and 9 data (4%) are considered to be inaccurate translation.

1.1. Classification A : Very Accurate Translation

This classification contains the data which are translated accurately from the source language into the target language. It means that both propositional and expressive meanings of taboo expressions in the source language are similar to those in the target language. The data which are classified to this classification have the This classification contains the data which are translated accurately from the source language into the target language. It means that both propositional and expressive meanings of taboo expressions in the source language are similar to those in the target language. The data which are classified to this classification have the

Ben tells Pete that he is angry because of Alison’s attitude. Ben :

She’s carrying my bastard child. Dia mengandung anak haramku.

Datum no.114 The datum above shows that the propositional and expressive meanings in ST have been well transferred into TL. It means that the datum is very accurate. All raters gave score 4 for its accuracy. According to Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English, the word ‘bastard child’ in ST is a noun which refers to illegitimate child. It means that a child born to parents who are not married to one another. The word ‘bastard child’ is delivered well into TT ‘anak haram’. Both of them have similar propositional meaning. In the dialogue above, Ben shows that he is so angry because of Alison’s attitude that he says a rude word ‘bastard child’. Thus, in the above context, ‘bastard child’ and ‘anak haram’ inherently refer to similar kind of derogatory term and deliver the similar expressive meaning. Example 2: Context of situation:

Jay has an idea from a film he watched before.

Jay:

A three-titted-Alien from “Total Recall”? Mahluk asing tiga payudara?

Datum no. 006 All raters gave score 4 for the above datum. Both ‘three-titted’ and ‘tiga payudara’ have similar propositional meanings since they refer to similar part of woman’s body. ‘Three-titted’ is translated using its one-to-one correspondence ‘tiga payudara and thus resulting in a very accurate translation. In terms of expressive meaning, both ST and TT are similar since they have similar level of vulgarity. Example 3:

Alison is happy with her promotion as TV presenter in her workplace. Alison:

Oh, my God. This is the best news ever. Ya Tuhan. Ini berita baik.

Datum no.017 The datum above is very accurate since “Oh my God” is translated using its equivalence “Ya Tuhan” and all raters gave score 4 to this datum. Here, both ST and TT are proper interjections with similar propositional meanings since they both similarly employ religious connotation, God. They are also equivalent in terms of expressive meanings since both ST and TT similarly express surprise.

1.2. Classification B : Accurate Translation

This classification contains the data which are translated accurately into the target language. The data which belong to this classification are those which deliver This classification contains the data which are translated accurately into the target language. The data which belong to this classification are those which deliver

Martin merasa kesal karena dia diejek teman-temannya sebagai teroris. Dan dia merasa senang karena dia bukan orang Yahudi. Martin: Fine. Screw it.

Baiklah. Lupakan saja. Datum no. 033 The mean score for the above datum is 3.3 meaning that the datum is accurate. In the translation above, ‘screw it’ is translated into ‘lupakan saja’. Lexically, ‘screw’ is sexual slang for copulate. However, ‘screw’ in the above context is an expletive showing anger and ignorance since the speaker, Martin, is angry because his friends

have mocked him. Therefore, ‘screw’ and ‘lupakan saja’ have the same propositional meanings. Nevertheless, ST and TT have dissimilar expressive meaning since ‘lupakan saja’ is less expressive than ‘screw’ since ST employs sexual connotation while TT doesn’t.

Example 2: Context of situation:

Debbie asks Alison to comment on her dress. Debbie:

Guys in here would fuck me, right? Pria-pria disini ingin meniduriku bukan ?

Datum no.035 ‘Fuck’ is vulgar slang referring to ‘having sex with’. Two raters gave similar score 3 while another gave score 4 resulting in the average of 3.3 meaning that the translation is accurate. Here, ‘fuck’ literally means ‘having sexual intercourse with’ and then translated using its less expressive word ‘meniduri’. Therefore, ST and TT have similar propositional meanings but their expressive meanings are different since ‘fuck’ is more vulgar than ‘meniduri’. ‘Fuck’ contains explicit sexual message while ‘meniduri’ implicitly refers to ‘having sex’. One of the raters says that ‘fuck’ should

be translated to ‘menggagahi’. Thus, in the above translation, ‘fuck’ and ‘meniduri’ are similar in propositional meaning but different in expressive meaning. Example 3: Context of situation:

Jason teases Alison about her body changes. Jason:

It’s amazing how fast the milk arrives. Perkembangan tiba begitu cepat.

Datum no.086

All raters gave score 4 to this datum resulting in the average of 3 meaning that the datum is accurate. The translation above transferred the word ‘milk’ into ‘perkembangan’. Contextually, the word ‘milk’ refers to Alison’s breasts that grow bigger after her pregnancy. ‘The milk’ is then translated into ‘perkembangan’ (equivalent with ‘development’) that refers to the process of the breasts growth. As we can see that there has been a shift of point of view in from ST to TT in order to make the translation more polite and acceptable. Further, according to one rater, the word ‘milk’ should be translated into ‘payudaramu’ in that the expressive meaning can be preserved.

1.3. Classification C : Less Accurate Translation

This classification contains the data which are translated not so accurately into the target language. The data which belong to this classification are those which deliver similar expressive meaning but dissimilar propositional meaning. The data which are classified into this classification have the average scale from 1.1 up to 2.9. There are 87 data or 38,3% of the overall data belonging to this classification. Here are the examples of data belonging to this classification. Example 1: Context of situation:

Ben asks Alison to mock Matthew Fox. Ben:

Will you tell him he’s an asshole for me? Bisakah kau mengatakan kepadanya dia itu pecundang untukku?

Datum no. 049

The datum is less accurate since the mean score is 2.3. As we can see that swearing words ‘asshole’ is translated into ‘pecundang’ (in ST equivalent with ‘loser’). Both ST and TT have different propositional meanings since they refer to different things in the real world. ST refers to a contemptible and despicable man. TT refers to a loser or a coward. Somehow, both ST and TT are similar in expressive meaning since they both can be uttered to express hatred. Example 2:

James Franco is upset and disgusted by Alison throwing up. James:

Oh shit!

Sial

Datum no. 057 The datum is less accurate since the mean score for this datum is 2.3. ’Shit’ is different in terms of different propositional meaning. In ST, ‘shit’ is an expletive referring to anal excretion while in TT, ‘sial’ is a common swearing word that does not has any propositional meaning. While in terms of expressive meaning, they are similar since they both are expletives used to express annoyance and anger.

1.4. Classification D : Inaccurate Translation

This classification contains the data which are translated not accurately into the target language. The data which belong to this classification consists of all data This classification contains the data which are translated not accurately into the target language. The data which belong to this classification consists of all data

Context of situation: Jay is surprise after Ben says that he needs money and then Ben insists his friends to launch their website. Jay: Geez.

Datum no. 101 As we can see, ‘geez’ is lost in the translation causing the lost of propositional and expressive meanings found in ST. This datum is inaccurate since the mean score for this datum is 1. Here, ‘geez’ is an interjection which shows the speaker’s surprise, it is also the shortening and alteration of Jesus. The rater 1 says that the word ‘geez’ is better to be translated into ‘yang benar saja’ while rater 3 offers ‘alamak’. Besides sacrificing the translation accuracy, the omission also creates different effects on readers in TT. Example 2: Context of situation:

Jonah panics to find himself in the hospital. Jonah:

I want to get the fuck out here. Aku ingin keluar dari sini. Datum no. 207

All of the raters gave score 1 for this datum. One rater says that the omission of ‘the fuck’ inhibit the audience from catching the expressive meaning shown in the dialogue. In the context above shows that Jonah is scared of the hospital because he does not like the hospital. Lexically, ‘fuck’ means having sexual intercourse. However, contextually, ‘the fuck’ actually has no certain meaning and it is considered as an intensifier. Here, the function is just to intensify the sentence, so that the expression could be more emotional and rude. The omission causes the dialogue lost its expressive meaning. Therefore, this datum is classified into inaccurate since the translation is deleted.

2. Acceptability

The acceptability assessment of the taboo expressions translations is measured based on the following scale and definition.

Scale 2 = Acceptable

The translation is appropriate with grammar and social norms in the target language by using the common expressions in the target language or the source language expressions are not translated.

Scale 1 = Unacceptable

The translation is not appropriate with the target language grammar and social norms by using uncommon expressions in the target language. To analyze the acceptability, the researcher classified the rated data given by three raters into: Classification A: the taboo expressions translation is acceptable, contains the data

with the average scale from 2.0. Classification B: the taboo expressions translation is unacceptable, contains the data with the average scale from 1.0 – 1.9. Below is the Classification Table of the Acceptability of the Taboo Expressions Translation:

Table 4.13

Classification Table of the Acceptability of the Taboo Expressions Translation No

Classification

Data Numbers

Total Percentage

1. A 001, 002, 003, 004, 005, 006, 007,

182 80,2%

008, 010, 012, 013, 014, 015, 017, 019, 020, 023, 024, 025, 026, 027, 028, 029, 030, 031, 032, 033, 034, 035, 037, 038, 039, 040, 041, 042, 044, 047, 049, 050, 051, 052, 053, 054, 055, 056, 057, 058, 060, 061, 063, 064, 065, 066, 067, 068, 069, 071, 072, 073, 075, 076, 077, 078, 079, 080, 081, 082, 084, 085, 086, 087, 088, 089, 090, 091, 092, 093, 094, 095, 096, 097, 099, 100, 102, 103, 104, 108, 109, 110, 112, 113, 114, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129,

In the table above, the numbers of data are 227 which consist of 182 data (80.2%) are considered to be acceptable translation, and 45 data (19.8%) are considered to be unacceptable translation.

2.1. Classification A : Acceptable Translation

The data which are categorized to this classification are the data that are acceptable. Every datum of which score 2.0 belongs to this classification. A datum belongs to this classification if the translation is appropriate with grammar and social norms in the target language by using the common expressions in the target language or the source language expressions are not translated. There are 182 data or 80,2 % of the overall data belonging to this classification. Here are the examples of data belonging to this classification.

Example 1: Ryan feels upset since Jessica Simpson does not want to be interviewed on personal things. Ryan:

No one has the balls to sit them down and say, “Look, just cut the shit”. Tak ada yang berani mengatakan kepada mereka : Berhenti bicara.

Datum no. 010 The datum is acceptable since the mean score is 2. ‘The balls’ literally means male sex organ, testicles, translated using its euphemism ‘yang berani’ (equivalent with ‘brave’ in the source text). The datum shows that to create an acceptable translation, taboo expressions can not translated literally since ST and TT have different norms and values. Nevertheless, translation using less expressive words mostly gives different impact on the readers in the target text since they are not able to capture the real emotional state of the speaker in the film. Example 2:

Ben sees himself a coward not to introduce himself to Alison. Ben:

No, I won’t, cause I’m a pussy. Tidak akan. Karena aku pengecut.

Datum no. 037 All raters gave score 2 to this datum making this datum acceptable. ‘Pussy’ here is a pejorative slang word meaning a cowardly person translated using less expressive word ‘pengecut’. Here, ‘pussy’ contains sexual connotation and is Datum no. 037 All raters gave score 2 to this datum making this datum acceptable. ‘Pussy’ here is a pejorative slang word meaning a cowardly person translated using less expressive word ‘pengecut’. Here, ‘pussy’ contains sexual connotation and is

Ben is surprise when Alison says that she is pregnant .

Ben: Fuck off.

Yang benar saja.

Datum no.072 The mean score for the above datum is 2 meaning that the datum is acceptable. Actually, the phrase ‘fuck off’ is an expletive to dismiss someone with contempt. In the above context, Ben is surprised when Alison says that she is pregnant so that he swears spontaneously. In the translation, the source language is considered too vulgar phrase in the target language. Thus, the translator decides to translate the phrase ‘fuck off’ into ‘yang benar saja’ in order to make the translation acceptable, both for the grammar and norm of the target language.

2.2. Classification B : Unacceptable Translation

The data that are belonged to this classification have the mean between 1.0 –

1.9. The definition of unacceptable, here, is that the translation is not appropriate with the target language grammar and social norms by using the unfamiliar or uncommon expressions. There are only 45 data or 19,8 % of the overall data belonging to this classification. Here are the examples of data belonging to this classification. Example 1:

The doctor inserts USG device to the Alison’s anus instead of her vagina

Female doctor: That’s your asshole.

Itu lubang bokongmu. Datum no. 105

The above datum is inaccurate since the mean score is 1.3. ‘Asshole’ is literally translated into ‘lubang bokong’ and it creates too strong sexual message in the target text. It makes the expressive meaning in the source text perfectly delivered in the target language. Nevertheless, it undermines the linguistic and cultural acceptability of the translation. According to one rater ‘asshole’ should be translated into ‘pantat’ to decrease its level of obscenity. Another says that ‘lubang bokong’ sounds clumsy and should be replaced with either ‘anus’ or ‘lubang pantat’. Example 2:

Emotionally, Ben makes fun of Pete.

Ben:

And she busts your balls because you’re a little bitch. Dan dia memarahimu karena kau pria menyedihkan yang kotor!

. Datum no. 180

Equal to the previous example, this datum shows that the translator has failed to create an acceptable translation. Two rater gave score 1 and another gave score 2 resulting in the mean of 1.3. One rater says that the translation is not common in the target language and should be replaced with ‘orang yang menyebalkan’. Another rater says that the source text should be translated into ‘brengsek’ to make it sound more natural.