CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Method
There are three kinds of research based on the location of the research in library, laboratory, and field research Bungin, 2005:40-41. In this thesis, the writer
took field research to collect the data and the writer also applied library research to obtain information to support the analysis. The method of the study that used is
quantitative method. It meant that quantitative research applies numbers from collecting the data, describing the data, until the result of research. The result of the
test was described as they were in term of exiting condition without any interference of the researcher.
This research was conducted at which is located SMA Negeri 1 Sigunung Pakpak Bharat Jl. Kuta Onan Kec. STU Jehe Pakpak Bharat. The subject of research
was the second graders of SMA Negeri 1 Sigunung Pakpak Bharat. They consist of three classes that divided two programs. They are IPS and IPA program. The reason
to choose SMA Negeri 1 Pakpak Bharat as location of research is in terms of accessible time and fund and the same research had never been conducted in there.
3.2 Population and Sample
The population of this research is the 20112012 second year students of SMA Negeri 1 Sigunung Pakpak Bharat. There are four classes altogether and four
classes consist of 60 and two classes 60 students. So, all the students of second grader are 120 students. Considering that the numbers of the students are great
enough, and since there is the limitation of time, energy, and fund. Not all the
Universitas Sumatera Utara
students of the second grader become the sample of this research. The writer take out 15 of the students from each class as the respondents in order to get an accurate
conclusion of that test. As Arikunto 2002:112 says “if the population consists of a large number, the sample can be taken from 10,-15-20-25 or more. It
depends on the ability of researcher by considering time, energy, and fund”. So, 15 of the students from each class are: 15100x 60= 15 students. I will give lottery to
each class to pick five students to present their class. The number of the students who will be the respondents are 4 classes x 5 students=20
students. It means that the percentage of the sample is 30200 x 100= 15 . So, I conducting this research random sampling will be applied based on Gay 1984:104
states that random sampling is the best single way to obtain a representative sample. Random sampling is presented by distributing and giving a paper to the students. The
students who get the paper with the word “sample” become the respondents or sample.
Table 1 The number of Population and Sample
NO CLASS POPULATION
SAMPLE 15 XII IS
60 9
XII IS 60
9 120
18
Based on information from their English teacher, the writer knows that they have learned about passive voice from second grader. So that they already have good
basic about the structure of passive voice.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
3.3 Data Collecting Method
Kategori