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to some extent by allowing students to focus on the elements of phonology, grammar and discourse in their speaking output.
Brumfit 1997: 52 states that accuracy is not generally problematic. It reflects a concern that has always been strong in the history of language teaching,
which will result in usage rather than in use of language in the classroom. Accuracy refers to a focus of the user and it tends to be form
– based. Speaking accuracy can be summarized as a use of language by controlling the language
system, which consists of grammar, vocabulary and phonology.
4. Speaking Activities
Many activities can be developed in speaking. Nation 1980: 1 states that the language learning goals are most easily see in pure forms of speaking
activities such as discussion, storytelling, and describing. Rivers and Temperely quoted by Bygate 1997: 73 define types of oral
activities. They are: a.
Establishing and maintaining social relations: short dialogues based on small situation; answering the door, making a telephone call;
giving birthday greetings; ineracing at a party; welcoming visitors and customers.
b. Expressing reaction; situation, requiring reaction to TV show,
photographicpainting, exhibition or slide show. c.
Hiding’s someone intentions; students given a mission to carry out must not reveal it under any provocation; for example, the group
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decides on a „spying’ mission, and individual group members are questioned by others to find out the mission.
d. Talking one’s way out trouble students are asked awkward or
embarrassing questions which they must answer or avoid without making any revelation.
e. Seeking and giving information: interview, surveys, questionnaires,
small projects, involving class members or outsiders, f.
Learning or teaching how to make or to do something: for example, a sport, a hobby, a craft, a dance and a game. conversing over the
telephone: social calls or inquiries about goods, services or timetables.
g. Problem solving: guessing games, interrogating games, logical
puzzle – solving: project study.
h. Discussing ideas: arising from reading, stories, films, projects,
controversial debating topics and short text. i.
Pay with language: crossword puzzles; spelling games; word history, etc.
j. Acting out social roles: dramatic improvisations based on simple
situations and character description. k.
Entertaining others: through producing a show or concert, a TV or radio
– type program show. l.
Displaying one’s achievements after another activity such as project report.
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m. Sharing leisure activities: participation in typical national meals,
celebration or pastimes.
5. Kinds of Speaking
