THE STUDY OF REGISTER USED BY “INDONESIAN POLICE” AT POLSEK REJOTANGAN TULUNGAGUNG
THE STUDY
OF REGISTER USED BY “INDONESIAN
POLICE”
AT POLSEK REJOTANGAN TULUNGAGUNG
THESIS
BY:
JEFRI NOVENTA RANDI 09360252
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
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THE STUDY OF
REGISTER USED BY “INDONESIAN
POLICE”
AT POLSEK REJOTANGAN TULUNGAGUNG
THESIS
BY:
JEFRI NOVENTA RANDI
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
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THE STUDY OF REGISTER USED BY “INDONESI
AN
POLICE” AT POLSEK REJOTANGAN
TULUNGAGUNG
THESIS
This thesis submitted to meet one of the requirements to achieve Sarjana Degree in English Education
BY:
JEFRI NOVENTA RANDI 09360252
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
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This thesis written by Jefri Noventa Randi was approved on July 29, 2013.
By:
Advisor II. Advisor I.
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This thesis was defended in front of the examiners of the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education of University of Muhammadiyah Malang
and accepted as one of the requirements to achieve Sarjana Degree in English Education
on July 29, 2013
Approved by:
Faculty of Teacher Training and Education University of Muhammadiyah Malang
Dean,
Dr. M. Syaifuddin, M.M.
Examiners: Signatures:
1. Bayu H. Wicaksono, M.Ed, Ph.D 1. ……….
2. Drs. Marzuki, M.Pd 2. ……….
3. Fardini Sabilah, S.Pd, M.Pd 3. ……….
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MOTTO AND DEDICATION
If you can dream it, you can do it.
(Walt Disney)
Kemarin jejakku,
Hari ini langkahku,
Esok tujuanku,
(Anonymous)
Success is not reached by chance,
it is reached by choice.
(Anonymous)
Sesungguhnya Allah tidak akan mengubah nasib
suatu kaum kecuali kaum itu sendiri yang
mengubah apa yang ada pada diri mereka.
(QS Ar-ra'd ayat 11)
Dedicated to:
My only lord Allah SWT, My beloved mother MASUDAh,
My lovely mother MASUDAh, My beautiful mother MASUDAh, The special one my father IBRAHIM, My lovely sister IRA ANGGRAENI.S.E, My beloved niece JEssi PUTRI MAYANGSARI,
My big family in Malang, And also all of my close friends.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Alhamdulillahi Rabbil‟ Alamin, the biggest all praise to Allah, because of His gracious, mercies, blessing and gives the writer very amazing power of spirit to finish this thesis as the aim to fulfill the requirement to get Sarjana Degree in the English Department in University of Muhammadiyah Malang.
The writer would like to express his deepest appreciation and gratitude especially to Mrs. Fardini Sabilah, S.Pd, M.Pd for the wonderful patience in giving advice and the great advisor Dian Arsitades W, M.Pd. The biggest thank for their suggestion, invaluable guidance, and advice during the consultation period.
His sincerely gratitude and appreciation are also extended to the AKP.Wahjudi Santoso as a Chief of POLSEK Rejotangan Tulungagung, all of personnel policeman at POLSEK Rejotangan Tulungagung and the informant BRIGADIR Ibrahim, and AIPDA Imam Basori who had given his the opportunity to conduct the research.
Finally, a special thank goes to his beloved mother (Masudah), father (Ibrahim), sister (Ira Anggraeni), and also all of his close friends for their encouragement, love, care and prayer so that he can finish this thesis.
Malang, July 2013 Jefri Noventa Randi
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
APPROVAL ... i
LEGALIZATION ... ii
MOTTO AND DEDICATION ... iii
ABSTRACT ... iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ... v
TABLE OF CONTENTS ... vi
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of Study ... 1
1.2 Statement of Problems ... 5
1.3 Purposes of Study ... 5
1.4 Significance of Study ... 6
1.5 Scope and Limitation ... 6
1.6 Definition of Key Term ... 7
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Sociolinguistic Study ... 8
2.2 Language and Society ... 9
2.3 Speech Community ... 10
2.4 Language Variation ... 11
2.4.1 Dialect ... 12
2.4.2 Jargon ... 13
2.4.3 Slang ... 14
2.4.4 Colloquial ... 14
2.4.5 Style ... 15
2.4.6 Code ... 15
2.4.7 Register ... 16
2.4.7.1Formal Register ... 17
2.4.7.2Informal Register. ... 17
2.4.7.3Over Formal Register ... 18
2.4.7.4Motherese ... 18
2.4.7.5Reporting Register ... 19
2.5 POLSEK Rejotangan Tulungagung ... 20
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 Research Design ... 21
3.2 Subject of the Study ... 22
3.3 Research Instruments ... 23
3.3.1 Observation ... 23
3.3.2 Interview ... 24
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3.4 Data Collection... 26
3.5 Data Analysis ... 27
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Research Finding ... 28
4.1.1 The Registers Used by “Indonesian Police” at POLSEK Rejotangan Tulungagung ... 28
4.1.2 The Meanings of Registers Used by “Indonesian Police” at POLSEK Rejotangan Tulungagung ... 29
4.1.3 Types of Register Dominantly Used ... 30
4.1.4 The Purposes of Using the Registers ... 30
4.2 Discussion ... 31
CHAPTER V CONCLUSSION AND SUGGESTION 5.1 Conclusion ... 34
5.2 Suggestion ... 36
5.2.1 For the Sociolinguistics Lecturers ... 36
5.2.2 For the Students ... 36
5.2.3 For the Next Researchers ... 36
REFERENCES APPENDIX:
I. The Informants
II. Data Collection Schedule III. Observation Form IV. Interview Sheets V. List of Registers VI. Documentation
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REFERENCES
Ammon, Herausgegeben Von, et al. 2004. Sociolinguistics Soziolinguistik. Second edition. New York: Walter de Gruyter.
Ary, Donald et al. 2010. Introduction to Research in Education. Eighth Edition. United States: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.
Ball, Martin J. 2010. The Routledge Handbook of Sociolinguistics Around the World. Canada: Routledge.
Bayle, Robert and Ceil Lucas (Ed.). 2007. Sociolinguistic Variation: Variation and Phonological theory. New York: Cambridge University Press. Biber, Douglas. 1995. Dimension of Register Variation. New York: Cambridge
University Press.
Biber, Douglas and Edward Finegan. 1994. Sociolinguistic Perspectives on Register. New York: Oxford University Press.
Coulmas, Florian. 1998. The Handbook of Sociolinguistics. New York: Blackweel Publishing.
Coupland, Nicolas. 2007. Style Language Variation and Identity. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Eckert, Penelope and John R. Rickford. 2001. Style and Sociolinguistic Variation.
New York: Cambridge University Press.
Geeraerts, Dirk, Gitte Kristiansen, and Yves Peirsman (Ed.). 2010. Advance in Cognitive Sociolinguistics: The English genitive alteration in a Cognitive Sociolinguistics Perspective. New York: Walter de Gruyter. Hunt, Ellen et al. 1999. Register. (Online), www.uncp.edu/home/canada/work/alla m/1914/language/register/register.htm, downloaded on 21st Feb, 2013 at 7.51 pm.
Jonassen, David H. 2004. Handbook of Research on Educational Communication and Technology. Second Edition. London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publisher.
LIamas, Carmen, Louise Mullany and Peter Stockwell. 2007. Sociolinguistics.
Canada: Routledge.
Meyer, Charles F. 2009. Intoducing English Linguistics. New York: Cambridge University Press.
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O‟Donoghue,Tom and Keith Punch. 2003. Qualitative Educational Research In Action. Canada: RoutledgeFlmer.
Tagliamonte, Sali A. 2006. Analysing Sociolinguistic Variation. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Tulungagung, POLRES. 2013. Tentang Polres Tulungagung. (Online), http://ww
w.polrestulungagung.com/halaman-4-tentang-polres-tulungagung.html, downloaded on 19th Feb, 2013 at 6.51 pm.
Voice of America. 2013. Indonesian Prison Raided, 4 Inmates Killed. (Online), http://www.voanews.com/content/4-inmates-die-in-indonesian-prison-raid/1627157.html, downloaded on 28th march, 2013 at 11.14 pm. Wardhaugh, Ronald. 2006. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. Fifth Edition.
Malden: Blackwell publishing.
Yulia, Rosalina. 2009. The Register Used by Immigration Officer of Immigration Office in Malang. Unpublished Thesis. Malang: Muhammadiyah University of Malang.
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1
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
This chapter reviews the background of the study, statement of problem, purpose of study, significance of study, scope and limitation, and definition of key terms.
1.1Background of Study
There are many studies about language today. Study about language is an important thing, because with language we can communicate with each other and connect with other people in the world. Language is the human capacity for acquiring and using complex systems of communication, and a language is any specific example of such a system. Language as a system of communication has a function to transmit meaningful ideas, message of information within a person by means of establishing and maintaining relationship with their society. The function of language is also to communicate, share about knowledge, tell the news, express feelings, and being heard. According to Wardhaugh (2006:1), “A languageis what the members of a particular society speak.” When two or more people communicate with each other in speech, we can call as a system of communication. It means people use a language to communicate with their society.
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A study that learns about language is called linguistics. Linguistic is very broad field, and it can be used to describe many different ways of studying about language. One of the linguistics branches which study the relation between language and society is called Sociolinguistics. Sociolinguistics according to Coulmas (1998: 5):
Sociolinguistics is concerned with describing language use as a social phenomenon and, where possible, it attempts to establish causal links between language and society, pursuing the complementary questions of what language contributes to making community possible and how communities shape their languages by using them.
In short sociolinguistics is the study of language that learns and discusses all of the aspects of language use in society especially language variation as the function in communication of society. Sociolinguistics examines the interplay of language and society, with language as the starting point. Variation is the key concept, applied to language itself and to its use. The basic premise of sociolinguistics is that language is variable and changing. As a result, language is not homogeneous — not for the individual user and not within or among groups of speakers who use the same language.
In sociolinguistics it studies about kinds of language variation. “Sociolinguistics is the study of language variation and that the purpose of such study is to find out what variation tells us about language and speakers‟ „knowledge‟ of language...” (Wardhaugh. 2006: 12). The study of language variation is an important part of sociolinguistics, to the extent that it requires reference to social factors. Languages vary from one place to another, from one social group to another, and
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3
from one situation to another are different. There are many language variations in sociolinguistics including dialect, jargon, slang, style, colloquial, register, etc. The language variation depends on two main focuses, which are focus on user and focus on uses. Focus on users that are dialect, idiolect, and social dialect (sociolect), and focus on uses that are register and style. According to Penelope and Rickford (2001), the function of register is to present language varieties characteristic of particularly situation of use.
Register as part of language variety is used by profession group speech community. Register is a stylistic variant of a language appropriate to a particular social setting, could be a group of people in social relation, or group of people working in a relation. Register is concerned with activity, purpose or field a language use for. According to Wardhaugh (2006: 52), “Registers are sets of language items associated with discrete occupational or social groups. Surgeons, airline pilots, bank managers, sales clerks, jazz fans, and pimps employ different registers.” In short register used by people in certain place, such as used by bank officer, raider communities, police officer, etc.
Policeman at POLSEK Rejotangan Tulungagung is one of the profession groups that use a register. As it is known, register is one of the language varieties which are not often recognized by the people in common. Language variation in the field of military services has been known with its characteristics, which are brief and strict in line with the military duty and life that is full of discipline and instructions. So, not all of people know about the meaning of registers that used or created by the group, and we do not know about the purpose that uses registers.
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4
There are some previous studies related with the phenomenon of registers. Rosalina Yulia (2009), studied about registers used by immigration officer of immigration office in Malang. The result of her study showed that there were two kinds of registers: formal and informal register. It was found out that the total registers were 22. From the total numbers of registers, 9 register can be grouped as formal register and the 13 registers grouped as informal register.
Based on the explanation above, the writer is interested to investigate the register used by a profession group that is Policeman at POLSEK Rejotangan Tulungagung. The writer wants to analyze and describe about the meaning of register used by Policeman at POLSEK Rejotangan Tulungagung, the dominant types of register used, and the purpose they use a register.
The writer is interested to study registers in POLSEK Rejotangan Tulungagung, because as it is known that the register used by Policeman is unusual compared to others and it is very exclusive. They do not follow the formal structure of language, very unique, simple, but have an important role and have a special meaning. Not all people concern to study about it, because it is secret and they must have legal permission from the Police. The writer is interested to study at POLSEK Rejotangan Tulungagung, because the POLSEK is available to everyone to have study and observe in order to make easy in doing a study.
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1.2Statement of Problems
Based on the background of study above, the problems of the study are stated as follows:
1. What are the registers used by “Indonesian police” at POLSEK Rejotangan Tulungagung?
2. What are the meanings of registers used by “Indonesian police” at POLSEK Rejotangan Tulungagung?
3. What types of register are dominantly used? 4. What are the purposes of using the registers?
1.3Purposes of Study
Based on the statement problems above, the writer formulates the purposes of study as follows:
1. To know kind of register used by “Indonesian police” at POLSEK Rejotangan Tulungagung.
2. To know the meanings of registers used by “Indonesian police” at POLSEK Rejotangan Tulungagung.
3. To know the dominant types of register used. 4. To know the purposes of using register.
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1.4Significance of Study
By conducting this study, the writer greatly expects the result of this study can enrich the knowledge about sociolinguistics study. Especially, it can contribute to develop understanding theory about register.
The writer hopes that the result of this study can give information to the teacher and students about the existence of register in certain society. The result of this study may become a very important reference for students and teacher.
In addition, the writer also expected this thesis can be used as an additional or source of information about register for the readers or other researcher who are interested in doing similar research.
1.5Scope and Limitation
The scope of this study focuses on the register used by “Indonesian Police” at POLSEK Rejotangan Tulungagung. The limitation of this study only the register that used by “Indonesian Police” at POLSEK Rejotangan Tulungagung and to know about the register are used, the meaning, types and the purpose of using the register. Here, the writer wants to conduct the research as formulated in the research question above.
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1.6Definition of Key Term
To make clear the definition of key terms and to avoid misunderstanding on the concept that is used in this study, the writer would like to present the definition of key terms as follows:
- Register: Register is a variety of language used for a particular purpose or in a particular social setting, register is also the language used by a certain profession and certain situation. According to Wardhaugh (2006), Registers are sets of language items associated with discrete occupational or social groups. Surgeons, airline pilots, bank managers, policeman, sales clerks, jazz fans, and pimps employ different registers.
- POLSEK Rejotangan Tulungagung: POLSEK means Polisi Sektor (Police Sector), a profession group of policeman or military in Tulungagung east Java that uses a register; where the writer conducted the research.
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A study that learns about language is called linguistics. Linguistic is very broad field, and it can be used to describe many different ways of studying about language. One of the linguistics branches which study the relation between language and society is called Sociolinguistics. Sociolinguistics according to Coulmas (1998: 5):
Sociolinguistics is concerned with describing language use as a social phenomenon and, where possible, it attempts to establish causal links between language and society, pursuing the complementary questions of what language contributes to making community possible and how communities shape their languages by using them.
In short sociolinguistics is the study of language that learns and discusses all of the aspects of language use in society especially language variation as the function in communication of society. Sociolinguistics examines the interplay of language and society, with language as the starting point. Variation is the key concept, applied to language itself and to its use. The basic premise of sociolinguistics is that language is variable and changing. As a result, language is not homogeneous — not for the individual user and not within or among groups of speakers who use the same language.
In sociolinguistics it studies about kinds of language variation. “Sociolinguistics is the study of language variation and that the purpose of such study is to find out what variation tells us about language and speakers‟ „knowledge‟ of language...” (Wardhaugh. 2006: 12). The study of language variation is an important part of sociolinguistics, to the extent that it requires reference to social factors. Languages vary from one place to another, from one social group to another, and
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from one situation to another are different. There are many language variations in sociolinguistics including dialect, jargon, slang, style, colloquial, register, etc. The language variation depends on two main focuses, which are focus on user and focus on uses. Focus on users that are dialect, idiolect, and social dialect (sociolect), and focus on uses that are register and style. According to Penelope and Rickford (2001), the function of register is to present language varieties characteristic of particularly situation of use.
Register as part of language variety is used by profession group speech community. Register is a stylistic variant of a language appropriate to a particular social setting, could be a group of people in social relation, or group of people working in a relation. Register is concerned with activity, purpose or field a language use for. According to Wardhaugh (2006: 52), “Registers are sets of language items associated with discrete occupational or social groups. Surgeons, airline pilots, bank managers, sales clerks, jazz fans, and pimps employ different registers.” In short register used by people in certain place, such as used by bank officer, raider communities, police officer, etc.
Policeman at POLSEK Rejotangan Tulungagung is one of the profession groups that use a register. As it is known, register is one of the language varieties which are not often recognized by the people in common. Language variation in the field of military services has been known with its characteristics, which are brief and strict in line with the military duty and life that is full of discipline and instructions. So, not all of people know about the meaning of registers that used or created by the group, and we do not know about the purpose that uses registers.
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There are some previous studies related with the phenomenon of registers. Rosalina Yulia (2009), studied about registers used by immigration officer of immigration office in Malang. The result of her study showed that there were two kinds of registers: formal and informal register. It was found out that the total registers were 22. From the total numbers of registers, 9 register can be grouped as formal register and the 13 registers grouped as informal register.
Based on the explanation above, the writer is interested to investigate the register used by a profession group that is Policeman at POLSEK Rejotangan Tulungagung. The writer wants to analyze and describe about the meaning of register used by Policeman at POLSEK Rejotangan Tulungagung, the dominant types of register used, and the purpose they use a register.
The writer is interested to study registers in POLSEK Rejotangan Tulungagung, because as it is known that the register used by Policeman is unusual compared to others and it is very exclusive. They do not follow the formal structure of language, very unique, simple, but have an important role and have a special meaning. Not all people concern to study about it, because it is secret and they must have legal permission from the Police. The writer is interested to study at POLSEK Rejotangan Tulungagung, because the POLSEK is available to everyone to have study and observe in order to make easy in doing a study.
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1.2Statement of Problems
Based on the background of study above, the problems of the study are stated as follows:
1. What are the registers used by “Indonesian police” at POLSEK Rejotangan Tulungagung?
2. What are the meanings of registers used by “Indonesian police” at POLSEK Rejotangan Tulungagung?
3. What types of register are dominantly used? 4. What are the purposes of using the registers?
1.3Purposes of Study
Based on the statement problems above, the writer formulates the purposes of study as follows:
1. To know kind of register used by “Indonesian police” at POLSEK Rejotangan Tulungagung.
2. To know the meanings of registers used by “Indonesian police” at POLSEK Rejotangan Tulungagung.
3. To know the dominant types of register used. 4. To know the purposes of using register.
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1.4Significance of Study
By conducting this study, the writer greatly expects the result of this study can enrich the knowledge about sociolinguistics study. Especially, it can contribute to develop understanding theory about register.
The writer hopes that the result of this study can give information to the teacher and students about the existence of register in certain society. The result of this study may become a very important reference for students and teacher.
In addition, the writer also expected this thesis can be used as an additional or source of information about register for the readers or other researcher who are interested in doing similar research.
1.5Scope and Limitation
The scope of this study focuses on the register used by “Indonesian Police” at POLSEK Rejotangan Tulungagung. The limitation of this study only the register that used by “Indonesian Police” at POLSEK Rejotangan Tulungagung and to know about the register are used, the meaning, types and the purpose of using the register. Here, the writer wants to conduct the research as formulated in the research question above.
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1.6Definition of Key Term
To make clear the definition of key terms and to avoid misunderstanding on the concept that is used in this study, the writer would like to present the definition of key terms as follows:
- Register: Register is a variety of language used for a particular purpose or in a particular social setting, register is also the language used by a certain profession and certain situation. According to Wardhaugh (2006), Registers are sets of language items associated with discrete occupational or social groups. Surgeons, airline pilots, bank managers, policeman, sales clerks, jazz fans, and pimps employ different registers.
- POLSEK Rejotangan Tulungagung: POLSEK means Polisi Sektor (Police
Sector), a profession group of policeman or military in Tulungagung east Java that uses a register; where the writer conducted the research.