HUBUNGAN KECERDASAN EMOSIONAL DAN KECERDASAN SPIRITUAL DENGAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH PADA REMAJA
HUBUNGAN KECERDASAN EMOSIONAL DAN KECERDASAN SPIRITUAL
DENGAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH PADA REMAJA
TESIS
Untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan Guna memperoleh derajat Magister
Diajukan oleh:
Ratna Dunggio
201110440211013
STUDI MAGISTER SAINS PSIKOLOGI
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2014
KATA PENGANTAR
Puji Syukur kehadirat Allah Swt, karena dengan izin dan rahmat serta RidhoNya, sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan Tesis yang berjudul “Hubungan Kecerdasan
Emosional dan Kecerdasan Spiritual dengan Pemecahan Masalah pada Remaja”. Tesis
ini disusun untuk memenuhi salah satu persyaratan memperoleh gelar Magister Sains
Psikologi di Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang.
Dalam penyelesaian Tesis ini penulis menyampaikan ucapan terima kasih yang
tak terhingga kepada yang terhormat Bapak/Ibu:
1.
Dr. Muhadjir Effendi, MAP selaku Rektor Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang
2.
Dr. Latipun, M.Kes selaku Direktur Pascasarjana Universitas Muhammadiyah
Malang, sekaligus sebagai ketua Program Studi Magister Psikologi
3.
Dr. Dwi Priyo Utomo, M.Pd selaku dosen pembimbing I
4.
Hudaniah, M.Si selaku dosen pembimbing II
5.
Dra. Iswinarti, M.Si selaku dosen penguji I
6.
Dra. Cahyaning S.,M.Si selaku dosen penguji II
7.
Para dosen dan Pembina mata kuliah serta para staf administrasi di lingkungan
program pascasarjana Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang atas pelayanan dan
fasilitas yang telah diberikan selama perkuliahan
8.
Kepala Sekolah SMA Negeri 1 Malang, dan Staf Guru BK yang telah
memberikan informasi, dan bantuan serta izin untuk melaksanakan penelitian di
sekolah.
9.
Kepala Sekolah SMA Negeri 4 Malang, dan Staf Guru BK yang telah
memberikan informasi, dan bantuan serta izin untuk melaksanakan penelitian di
sekolah.
10.
Kepala Sekolah SMA Negeri 8 Malang, dan Staf Guru BK yang telah
memberikan informasi, dan bantuan serta izin untuk melaksanakan penelitian di
sekolah.
11.
Kedua Orang Tua (Mama dan Papa) yang selalu mendo’akan keberhasilanku dan
kesuksesanku dalam menyelesaikan Kuliah dan Tesis.
12.
Pamanku dan Kedua Kakakku serta seluruh keluargaku yang selalu mendo’akan
keberhasilanku dan kesuksesanku dalam menyelesaikan Kuliah dan Tesis.
iii
13.
Teman-teman MHTI yang telah memberikan dukungan serta mendo’akan
keberhasilanku dan kesuksesanku dalam menyelasaikan Tesis.
14.
Teman-teman Kuliahku yang kusebut nama mereka yakni Mba Dwi, Mba Hesi,
Ria, Maya, Bu Tanti, Bu Min, Bu Mami, Mba Nuning, yang telah memberikan
dukungan moril dan do’a dalam menyelesaikan Tesis.
15.
Semua pihak yang telah membantu dalam penyelesaian Tesis ini yang tidak dapat
disebutkan satu-persatu.
Penulis menyadari bahwa Tesis ini masih jauh dari kesempurnaan dan masih
terdapat banyak kekurangan yang disebabkan kurangnya pengetahuan penulis dan
keterbatasan waktu. Oleh karena itu, penulis mengharapkan kritik dan saran dari semua
pihak untuk penyempurnaan Tesis ini.
Penulis berharap Insya Allah Tesis ini bermanfaat bagi semua orang, terutama
pembaca dan para mahasiswa psikologi.
Malang, 01 Februari 2014
Ratna Dunggio
iv
DAFTAR ISI
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN .....................................................................................
i
SURAT PERNYATAAN......................................................................................... ii
KATA PENGANTAR ............................................................................................. iii
DAFTAR ISI ............................................................................................................ v
DAFTAR TABEL .................................................................................................... vii
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ........................................................................................... viii
ABSTRAKSI ............................................................................................................ ix
LATAR BELAKANG ............................................................................................. 1
KAJIAN PUSTAKA
Pemecahan Masalah .................................................................................................. 4
Kecerdasan Emosional .............................................................................................. 5
Kecerdasan Spiritual .................................................................................................. 6
Hubungan antara Kecerdasan Emosional dan Kecerdasan Spiritual dengan
Pemecahan Masalah .................................................................................................. 8
Hipotesis
................................................................................................................ 9
METODE PENELITIAN
Desain Penelitian ....................................................................................................... 10
Populasi
................................................................................................................ 10
Instrumen ................................................................................................................ 10
Analisis Data ............................................................................................................. 11
HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN
Uji Korelasi ............................................................................................................... 12
Uji Regresi ................................................................................................................ 12
Hasil Analisis Deskriptif ........................................................................................... 13
Pembahasan ............................................................................................................... 13
v
SIMPULAN DAN IMPLIKASI
Simpulan
................................................................................................................ 16
Implikasi Penelitian ................................................................................................... 16
DAFTAR PUSTAKA .............................................................................................. 18
LAMPIRAN ............................................................................................................. 22
vi
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 1 : Hubungan kecerdasan emosional dan kecerdasan spiritual dengan
pemecahan ............................................................................................. 12
Tabel 2 : Analisis Regresi Ganda ........................................................................ 12
Tabel 3 : Hasil Analisi Deskriptif ........................................................................ 13
vii
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1: Skala Penelitian ................................................................................. 22
Lampiran 2: Uji Reliabilitas dan Validitas ........................................................... 28
Lampiran 3: Hasil Penelitian ................................................................................. 33
Lampiran 4: Surat Keterangan Penelitian ............................................................ 36
viii
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Bai, S. (2011). Construction and development of emotional intelligence scale for
adolescents (Eisa) meant for pre-university students of karnataka state. International
Research Journal Analysis and Evalution, (2),16-20.
Babanazari, L., Askari, P., & Honarmand, M, M. (2012). Spiritual Intelligence and
Happiness for Adolescents in High School. Life Science Journal. 9 (3), 2296-2299.
Bhatia, G. (2012). A study of family relationship in relation to emotional intelligence of
the students of secondary level. International Journal of Scientific and Research
Publications, 2 (12), 1-5.
Birknerová, Z. (2011). Social and emotional intelligence in school environment.
Canadian Center of Science and Education. 7 (10), 241-248
Bransford, J. D., & Stein, B. S. (1993). The ideal problem solver: A guide for improving
thinking, learning, and creativity (2nd ed.). In J. E. Davidson & R. J. Sternberg
(Eds.), The psychology of problem solving (pp. 3-30). New York: Cambridge
University Press.
Ceyhan, A. A., & Ceyhan E. (2009). Relationship between early separation anxiety and
depressive symptoms: The mediating role of locus of control and problem solving
skills. Pakistan Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 7, 3-17.
Dariyo, A. (2002). Psikologi perkembangan remaja. Ghalia Indonesia: Jakarta.
Davidson, J. E. (2003). Insights about Insightful Problem Solving. In J. E. Davidson &
R. J. Sternberg (Eds.), The psychology of problem solving (pp.149-175). New York:
Cambridge University Press.
Dhar, N., Datta, U., Nandan, D. (2008). Importance of spiritual health in public health
system of India. Health and Population-Perspectives and Issue, 31 (3), 204-209.
Deniz, S. (2013). The relationship between emotional intelligence and problem solving
in prospective teachers. Academic Journal, 8(24), pp. 2339-2345.
Faghirpour, M., Amoopour, M., Gillaninia, S,. & Moghadam, M, A., Mousavian, S, J.,
(2011). The relationship between emotional intelligence and mental health of
students. Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research, 1 (12), 3046-3052.
Gardner, H. (2000). A case against spiritual intelligence. The International Journal the
Psychology of Religion, 10 (1), 27-34.
Hayes, J. R. (1989). The complete problem solver (2nd ed.). In J. E. Davidson & R. J.
Sternberg (Eds.), The psychology of problem solving (pp. 3-30). New York:
Cambridge University Press.
18
Heppner, P. P. (1988). The problem solving inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting
Psychology Press.
Heppner, P. P., & Wang, Y. W. (2003). Positive Psychological Assessment, In A
Handbook of models and measures. Washington, DC, US: American Pschological
Associaton. xvii, 495 pp.
Hosseini, M., Elias, H., & Krauss, E, S., Aishah, S. (2010). A review study on spiritual
intelligence, adolescence and spiritual intelligence, factors that may contribute to
Individual differences in spiritual intelligence and the related theories. Journal of
Social Sciences, 6 (3), 429-438.
Hurlock, E. B. (2004). Psikologi perkembangan. Erlangga: Jakarta.
Kadkhoda, M., & Jahani, H. (2012). Problem solving capacities of spiritual intelligence
for artificial intelligence. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Science, 32, 170-175.
Kalyoncu, Z., Guney, S., Arslan, M., & Guney, S., Ayranci, E. (2012). Analysis of the
relationship between emotional intelligence and stress caused by the organisation: A
study of nurses. Business Intelligence Journal. 5 (2), 334-346.
Kaur, H., Singh, V., & Singh, P. (2012). Emotional intelligence: Significance of
psychology and spirituality. Pakistan Journal of Social and Clinic Psychology, 9 (2),
32-36.
Khosravi, B. G., Manafi, M., Hojabari, R., & Aghapour, A. H., Gheshmi, R. (2011).
The relationship between emotional intelligence and effective delegation.
International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2 (19), 223-235.
King, B. D., Mara, A, C., & Decicco, L, T. (2012). Connecting the Spiritual and
Emotional Intelligences: Confirming an Intelligence Criterion and Assessing the
Role of Empathy. International Journal of Transpersonal Studies, 31, (1), 11-20.
King, D. (2008). Rethinking claims of spiritual intelligence: A definition, model, and
measure. Thesis. Trent University Peterborough, Ontario, Canada.
Lubart, T. I & Mouchiroud, C. (2003). Creativity: A Source of Difficulty in Problem
Solving. In J. E. Davidson & R. J. Sternberg (Eds.), The psychology of problem
solving (pp. 127-148). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Mayer, J. D., & Salovey, P. (1997). What is emotional intelligence? In P. Salovey & D.
Sluyter (Eds), Emotional development and emotional intelligence: Implications for
educators (pp. 3-31). New York: Basic.
Mehta, A. (2013). A study of how emotional intelligence reduces occupational stress
among teachers. International Monthly Refered Journal of Research In Management
& Technology, 2, 19-28.
19
Haditomo, S. A. (2002). Psikologi perkembangan pengantar dalam berbagai
bagiannya. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.
Santrock, J. W. (2007). Remaja. Jakarta: Erlangga.
Schutte, N. S., Malouff, J. M., Hall, L. E., Haggerty, D. J., Cooper, J. T., Golden, C. J.,
& Dornheim, L. (1998). Development and validation of a measure of emotional
intelligence. Personality and Individual Differences, 25, 167-177.
Selman, V., Selman, R. C., & Selman, J., Selman, E., (2005). Spiritual-intelligence/quotient. College Teaching Methods & Styles Journal – Third Quarter, 1 (3), 23-30.
Sharma, A., & Sahni, M. (2013). Emotional inteligence in relation to home environment
and personality of adolescents. International Women Online Journal of Distance
Education. 2, 1-16.
Singh, MP., & Sinha, J. (2013). Impact of spiritual intelligence on quality of life.
International Journal of Scientific and Research Publication, 3, 1-5.
Shabani, J., Hassan, A, S., & Ahmad, A., Baba, M. (2010). Age as moderated influence
on the link of spiritual and emotional intelligence with mental health in high school
students. Journal of American Science, 6 (11), 394-400.
Solso, R. L. Maclin, O. H. Maclin, M. M. (2007). Psikologi kognitif. Jakarta: Erlangga.
Sternberg, R. J. (1986). Intelligence applied? Understanding and increasing your
intellectual skills. In J. E. Davidson & R. J. Sternberg (Eds.), The psychology of
problem solving (pp. 3-30). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Sternberg, R. J. (2000). Handbook of intelligence. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge
University Press.
Sugiyono, (2011). Metode penelitian kuantitatif, kualitatif, dan R & D. Bandung:
Alfabeta.
Vaughan, F. (2002). What is spiritual intelligence? Journal of Humanistic Psychology,
42 (2), 16-33.
Vibha, K. (2012). Spiritual intelligence in relation to self-esteem and family
environment of the pre-service teachers at the secondary stage. International
Research Journal Analysis and Evalution, (4), 59-60.
Willis, S. S. (2010). Remaja dan masalahnya. Bandung: Alfabeta.
Winarsunu, T. (2009). Statistik dalam penelitian psikologi & pendidikan. Malang:
UMM Press.
20
Yigiter, K. (2013). The examining problem solving skills and preferences of turkish
university students in relation to sport and social activity. Educational Research
International, 1 (3), 34-40.
Zimmerman, B. J. & Campillo, M. (2003). Motivating Self-Regulated Problem Solvers.
In J. E. Davidson & R. J. Sternberg (Eds.), The psychology of problem solving (pp.
233-264). New York: Cambridge University Press
21
DENGAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH PADA REMAJA
TESIS
Untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan Guna memperoleh derajat Magister
Diajukan oleh:
Ratna Dunggio
201110440211013
STUDI MAGISTER SAINS PSIKOLOGI
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2014
KATA PENGANTAR
Puji Syukur kehadirat Allah Swt, karena dengan izin dan rahmat serta RidhoNya, sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan Tesis yang berjudul “Hubungan Kecerdasan
Emosional dan Kecerdasan Spiritual dengan Pemecahan Masalah pada Remaja”. Tesis
ini disusun untuk memenuhi salah satu persyaratan memperoleh gelar Magister Sains
Psikologi di Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang.
Dalam penyelesaian Tesis ini penulis menyampaikan ucapan terima kasih yang
tak terhingga kepada yang terhormat Bapak/Ibu:
1.
Dr. Muhadjir Effendi, MAP selaku Rektor Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang
2.
Dr. Latipun, M.Kes selaku Direktur Pascasarjana Universitas Muhammadiyah
Malang, sekaligus sebagai ketua Program Studi Magister Psikologi
3.
Dr. Dwi Priyo Utomo, M.Pd selaku dosen pembimbing I
4.
Hudaniah, M.Si selaku dosen pembimbing II
5.
Dra. Iswinarti, M.Si selaku dosen penguji I
6.
Dra. Cahyaning S.,M.Si selaku dosen penguji II
7.
Para dosen dan Pembina mata kuliah serta para staf administrasi di lingkungan
program pascasarjana Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang atas pelayanan dan
fasilitas yang telah diberikan selama perkuliahan
8.
Kepala Sekolah SMA Negeri 1 Malang, dan Staf Guru BK yang telah
memberikan informasi, dan bantuan serta izin untuk melaksanakan penelitian di
sekolah.
9.
Kepala Sekolah SMA Negeri 4 Malang, dan Staf Guru BK yang telah
memberikan informasi, dan bantuan serta izin untuk melaksanakan penelitian di
sekolah.
10.
Kepala Sekolah SMA Negeri 8 Malang, dan Staf Guru BK yang telah
memberikan informasi, dan bantuan serta izin untuk melaksanakan penelitian di
sekolah.
11.
Kedua Orang Tua (Mama dan Papa) yang selalu mendo’akan keberhasilanku dan
kesuksesanku dalam menyelesaikan Kuliah dan Tesis.
12.
Pamanku dan Kedua Kakakku serta seluruh keluargaku yang selalu mendo’akan
keberhasilanku dan kesuksesanku dalam menyelesaikan Kuliah dan Tesis.
iii
13.
Teman-teman MHTI yang telah memberikan dukungan serta mendo’akan
keberhasilanku dan kesuksesanku dalam menyelasaikan Tesis.
14.
Teman-teman Kuliahku yang kusebut nama mereka yakni Mba Dwi, Mba Hesi,
Ria, Maya, Bu Tanti, Bu Min, Bu Mami, Mba Nuning, yang telah memberikan
dukungan moril dan do’a dalam menyelesaikan Tesis.
15.
Semua pihak yang telah membantu dalam penyelesaian Tesis ini yang tidak dapat
disebutkan satu-persatu.
Penulis menyadari bahwa Tesis ini masih jauh dari kesempurnaan dan masih
terdapat banyak kekurangan yang disebabkan kurangnya pengetahuan penulis dan
keterbatasan waktu. Oleh karena itu, penulis mengharapkan kritik dan saran dari semua
pihak untuk penyempurnaan Tesis ini.
Penulis berharap Insya Allah Tesis ini bermanfaat bagi semua orang, terutama
pembaca dan para mahasiswa psikologi.
Malang, 01 Februari 2014
Ratna Dunggio
iv
DAFTAR ISI
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN .....................................................................................
i
SURAT PERNYATAAN......................................................................................... ii
KATA PENGANTAR ............................................................................................. iii
DAFTAR ISI ............................................................................................................ v
DAFTAR TABEL .................................................................................................... vii
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ........................................................................................... viii
ABSTRAKSI ............................................................................................................ ix
LATAR BELAKANG ............................................................................................. 1
KAJIAN PUSTAKA
Pemecahan Masalah .................................................................................................. 4
Kecerdasan Emosional .............................................................................................. 5
Kecerdasan Spiritual .................................................................................................. 6
Hubungan antara Kecerdasan Emosional dan Kecerdasan Spiritual dengan
Pemecahan Masalah .................................................................................................. 8
Hipotesis
................................................................................................................ 9
METODE PENELITIAN
Desain Penelitian ....................................................................................................... 10
Populasi
................................................................................................................ 10
Instrumen ................................................................................................................ 10
Analisis Data ............................................................................................................. 11
HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN
Uji Korelasi ............................................................................................................... 12
Uji Regresi ................................................................................................................ 12
Hasil Analisis Deskriptif ........................................................................................... 13
Pembahasan ............................................................................................................... 13
v
SIMPULAN DAN IMPLIKASI
Simpulan
................................................................................................................ 16
Implikasi Penelitian ................................................................................................... 16
DAFTAR PUSTAKA .............................................................................................. 18
LAMPIRAN ............................................................................................................. 22
vi
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 1 : Hubungan kecerdasan emosional dan kecerdasan spiritual dengan
pemecahan ............................................................................................. 12
Tabel 2 : Analisis Regresi Ganda ........................................................................ 12
Tabel 3 : Hasil Analisi Deskriptif ........................................................................ 13
vii
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1: Skala Penelitian ................................................................................. 22
Lampiran 2: Uji Reliabilitas dan Validitas ........................................................... 28
Lampiran 3: Hasil Penelitian ................................................................................. 33
Lampiran 4: Surat Keterangan Penelitian ............................................................ 36
viii
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Bai, S. (2011). Construction and development of emotional intelligence scale for
adolescents (Eisa) meant for pre-university students of karnataka state. International
Research Journal Analysis and Evalution, (2),16-20.
Babanazari, L., Askari, P., & Honarmand, M, M. (2012). Spiritual Intelligence and
Happiness for Adolescents in High School. Life Science Journal. 9 (3), 2296-2299.
Bhatia, G. (2012). A study of family relationship in relation to emotional intelligence of
the students of secondary level. International Journal of Scientific and Research
Publications, 2 (12), 1-5.
Birknerová, Z. (2011). Social and emotional intelligence in school environment.
Canadian Center of Science and Education. 7 (10), 241-248
Bransford, J. D., & Stein, B. S. (1993). The ideal problem solver: A guide for improving
thinking, learning, and creativity (2nd ed.). In J. E. Davidson & R. J. Sternberg
(Eds.), The psychology of problem solving (pp. 3-30). New York: Cambridge
University Press.
Ceyhan, A. A., & Ceyhan E. (2009). Relationship between early separation anxiety and
depressive symptoms: The mediating role of locus of control and problem solving
skills. Pakistan Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 7, 3-17.
Dariyo, A. (2002). Psikologi perkembangan remaja. Ghalia Indonesia: Jakarta.
Davidson, J. E. (2003). Insights about Insightful Problem Solving. In J. E. Davidson &
R. J. Sternberg (Eds.), The psychology of problem solving (pp.149-175). New York:
Cambridge University Press.
Dhar, N., Datta, U., Nandan, D. (2008). Importance of spiritual health in public health
system of India. Health and Population-Perspectives and Issue, 31 (3), 204-209.
Deniz, S. (2013). The relationship between emotional intelligence and problem solving
in prospective teachers. Academic Journal, 8(24), pp. 2339-2345.
Faghirpour, M., Amoopour, M., Gillaninia, S,. & Moghadam, M, A., Mousavian, S, J.,
(2011). The relationship between emotional intelligence and mental health of
students. Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research, 1 (12), 3046-3052.
Gardner, H. (2000). A case against spiritual intelligence. The International Journal the
Psychology of Religion, 10 (1), 27-34.
Hayes, J. R. (1989). The complete problem solver (2nd ed.). In J. E. Davidson & R. J.
Sternberg (Eds.), The psychology of problem solving (pp. 3-30). New York:
Cambridge University Press.
18
Heppner, P. P. (1988). The problem solving inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting
Psychology Press.
Heppner, P. P., & Wang, Y. W. (2003). Positive Psychological Assessment, In A
Handbook of models and measures. Washington, DC, US: American Pschological
Associaton. xvii, 495 pp.
Hosseini, M., Elias, H., & Krauss, E, S., Aishah, S. (2010). A review study on spiritual
intelligence, adolescence and spiritual intelligence, factors that may contribute to
Individual differences in spiritual intelligence and the related theories. Journal of
Social Sciences, 6 (3), 429-438.
Hurlock, E. B. (2004). Psikologi perkembangan. Erlangga: Jakarta.
Kadkhoda, M., & Jahani, H. (2012). Problem solving capacities of spiritual intelligence
for artificial intelligence. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Science, 32, 170-175.
Kalyoncu, Z., Guney, S., Arslan, M., & Guney, S., Ayranci, E. (2012). Analysis of the
relationship between emotional intelligence and stress caused by the organisation: A
study of nurses. Business Intelligence Journal. 5 (2), 334-346.
Kaur, H., Singh, V., & Singh, P. (2012). Emotional intelligence: Significance of
psychology and spirituality. Pakistan Journal of Social and Clinic Psychology, 9 (2),
32-36.
Khosravi, B. G., Manafi, M., Hojabari, R., & Aghapour, A. H., Gheshmi, R. (2011).
The relationship between emotional intelligence and effective delegation.
International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2 (19), 223-235.
King, B. D., Mara, A, C., & Decicco, L, T. (2012). Connecting the Spiritual and
Emotional Intelligences: Confirming an Intelligence Criterion and Assessing the
Role of Empathy. International Journal of Transpersonal Studies, 31, (1), 11-20.
King, D. (2008). Rethinking claims of spiritual intelligence: A definition, model, and
measure. Thesis. Trent University Peterborough, Ontario, Canada.
Lubart, T. I & Mouchiroud, C. (2003). Creativity: A Source of Difficulty in Problem
Solving. In J. E. Davidson & R. J. Sternberg (Eds.), The psychology of problem
solving (pp. 127-148). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Mayer, J. D., & Salovey, P. (1997). What is emotional intelligence? In P. Salovey & D.
Sluyter (Eds), Emotional development and emotional intelligence: Implications for
educators (pp. 3-31). New York: Basic.
Mehta, A. (2013). A study of how emotional intelligence reduces occupational stress
among teachers. International Monthly Refered Journal of Research In Management
& Technology, 2, 19-28.
19
Haditomo, S. A. (2002). Psikologi perkembangan pengantar dalam berbagai
bagiannya. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.
Santrock, J. W. (2007). Remaja. Jakarta: Erlangga.
Schutte, N. S., Malouff, J. M., Hall, L. E., Haggerty, D. J., Cooper, J. T., Golden, C. J.,
& Dornheim, L. (1998). Development and validation of a measure of emotional
intelligence. Personality and Individual Differences, 25, 167-177.
Selman, V., Selman, R. C., & Selman, J., Selman, E., (2005). Spiritual-intelligence/quotient. College Teaching Methods & Styles Journal – Third Quarter, 1 (3), 23-30.
Sharma, A., & Sahni, M. (2013). Emotional inteligence in relation to home environment
and personality of adolescents. International Women Online Journal of Distance
Education. 2, 1-16.
Singh, MP., & Sinha, J. (2013). Impact of spiritual intelligence on quality of life.
International Journal of Scientific and Research Publication, 3, 1-5.
Shabani, J., Hassan, A, S., & Ahmad, A., Baba, M. (2010). Age as moderated influence
on the link of spiritual and emotional intelligence with mental health in high school
students. Journal of American Science, 6 (11), 394-400.
Solso, R. L. Maclin, O. H. Maclin, M. M. (2007). Psikologi kognitif. Jakarta: Erlangga.
Sternberg, R. J. (1986). Intelligence applied? Understanding and increasing your
intellectual skills. In J. E. Davidson & R. J. Sternberg (Eds.), The psychology of
problem solving (pp. 3-30). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Sternberg, R. J. (2000). Handbook of intelligence. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge
University Press.
Sugiyono, (2011). Metode penelitian kuantitatif, kualitatif, dan R & D. Bandung:
Alfabeta.
Vaughan, F. (2002). What is spiritual intelligence? Journal of Humanistic Psychology,
42 (2), 16-33.
Vibha, K. (2012). Spiritual intelligence in relation to self-esteem and family
environment of the pre-service teachers at the secondary stage. International
Research Journal Analysis and Evalution, (4), 59-60.
Willis, S. S. (2010). Remaja dan masalahnya. Bandung: Alfabeta.
Winarsunu, T. (2009). Statistik dalam penelitian psikologi & pendidikan. Malang:
UMM Press.
20
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