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1.5.3 To the Readers, Course Developers and the Next Researchers Hopefully, this research can give helpful information to the readers, course
developers and the next researchers who conduct the same study. It is also expected that this preliminary study can activate other people to do related studies
in this field. It is because this research proposes great suggestions for teaching and learning process. The future researchers can also conduct another analysis through
this research point of views.
1.6 Definition of Terms
1.6.1 Communicative Language Teaching Communication is a continuous process of expression, interpretation, and
negotiation Savignon, 1983: 8. According to rivers, Communicative Language Teaching is
a move from the consideration of language as an accumulation of discrete elements in associative chains to the study of human
conceptual and perceptual and perceptual system and a growing interest in the pragmatics of language in situations of use as quoted
by Ekomunajat 2004: 16.
The teacher sets up a situation that students are likely to encounter in real life Galloway, 1993: 29. In Communicative Approach or Communicative Language
Teaching Approach, learners not only try to understand the grammar but also develop the ability to use language. The aim is not only producing correct
sentences but also developing ability to communicate with the language. In this study, Communicative Language Teaching is the approach, which becomes the
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basic foundation to develop the innovative way of using language in real life situations.
1.6.2. Speaking Mastery There are many definitions of speaking that have been proposed by some
experts in language learning. “Speaking is using the stated language” Woodford,
2003: 121. Speaking is also a product of a creative construction of linguistic strings. Speakers make choice of lexicon, structures, and discourse Brown, 2000:
140. The aspect of spoken English is that it is usually accomplished via interaction with at least one other speaker.
In this study, speaking is a creative construction of oral skill of English language that must be mastered well by the
students after the discussion technique is applied. 1.6.3. Discussion
“Discuss comes from a Latin word that means „to scatter’. “Discussion refers to one or more meetings of a small group of people who thereby
communicate, face to face, in order to fulfill a common and achieve a group goal. The key concepts in the definition are small group and communication.
” Bormann, 1975: 3. Discussion is an extended communication often interactive
dealing with some particular topic or an exchange of views on some topics Lewis, 2008: 32. Discussion technique is also a technique concerning talking
about a problem involving two persons or more, in which these persons are concerning the same problem.
According to Murcia, “discussions are probably the most commonly used activity in the oral skill class
” Celce-Murcia, 2000: 106, so discussion is one of the activities that encourage students to speak. In this study,
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discussion is a technique, which represents extended communication established in pair or group regarding to a particular topic in order to obtain the goal.
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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
