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CHAPTER IV RESEARCH RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This chapter is organized into three sections. The sections are the Data Description, Data Analysis, and Interpretation of the Research Findings. The data
were obtained from the pre- test and post- test scores of the experimental group and the pre- test and post- test scores of the control group
4.1 Data Description
The data description discusses the result of the test. It describes the test scores of the students of the experimental group and control group. The researcher
conducted the pre-test and then posttest. Before the post-test is conducted, there is different treatment which is applied in the experimental group and control group.
In the experimental group the students were accepted discussion technique which encourage them to speak with the activity such as critical thinking, cognitive
ability, and so on see the lesson plan in the appendix 1. The data mainly involve the mean and the standard deviation of t
he students’ scores. The data are computed by using the SPSS 16.0 2007 edition. As mention before, there are pre-
test and post-test in this research. 4.1.1 C
ategorization of the Students’ Speaking Mastery The researcher used the ideal mean and the ideal standard deviation to
determine the category of the students’ speaking mastery for the pre-test and the post-test results. The ideal mean can be determined by 60 of the possibly
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highest score, while the ideal standard deviation is 25 of the ideal mean Nurgiyantoro, 1988: 365. For example, there are 10 performance criteria on the
speaking test checklist. Every performance has maximum score of 10, so the total performances has 100 maximum scores. For example, student X does 80 of them
during his or her performances. The writer determines that student X’s
performance is translated into a score of 80 percent: 80 x 10: 10 = 80. In other words, student X demonstrates 80 percent of the desired performance criteria.
The students were given 10 items of the speaking achievement test. It was an objective test, which involved oral questions. So, in this research, the highest
score for the test is 100. The ideal mean is 60 x 100= 60. The ideal standard deviation i
s 25 of 60 equals to 15. Thus, the category of students’ speaking mastery can be put according to the table below.
Table 5 . Categorization of the Students’ Speaking Mastery
Score class Category
90 Excellent
75 – 89.9
very good 60
– 74.9 Good
45 – 59.9
Poor 30
– 44.9 very poor
29.9 extremely poor
Nurgyantoro, 1988:365 The researcher also considers some categorization such as functional competence,
performance, speak act, criteria, and object to formulate the speaking rubric in order to
measure student’s mastery of speaking.
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4.1.2 Data of the Experimental Group a. Data of the Pre-test Scores of the Experimental Group
There were 10 items of speaking test in the pre-test. The possibly of highest score is 100. The data of pre-test scores showing the highest score is 70
while the lowest score is 31. The mean of the score is 58.87. The following table illustrates the descriptive analysis on the pre-test scores of the experimental group.
Table 6. Descriptive Analysis on the Pre-test Score of the Experimental Group
Mean SD
Median Mode
Max Scores
Min Scores
Numbers of items
58.87 7.63
60 61
70 31
31 Based on the table above, the mean of the pre-test of the experimental group is
58.87 . According to the table of the category of students’ speaking mastery, it is
in the poor category because it lies between the numbers of 45 – 59.9. Thus, the
students’ speaking mastery of the experimental group before using the discussions technique can be categorized as poor.
b. Data on the Post-test Scores of the Experimental Group The experimental group is the group, which received the treatment
discussion technique in the English teaching learning process. The use of the discussion technique was conducted in the eight meeting with different topics in
each meeting. After the technique was applied, the post test is later held. There were 10 items of oral skill in the post-test. The possibly of the highest score is
100. The data of the post-test scores show that the highest score is 93.00 while the lowest score is 58.00. The mean of the score is 80.64. The following table
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illustrates the descriptive analysis on the post-test scores of the experimental group.
Table 7. Descriptive Analysis on the Post-test of the Experimental Group
Mean SD
Median Mode
Max scores
Min scores
Items 80.64
7.43 80.00
80.00 93.00
58.00 31
Based on the table above, the mean of the post-test of the experimental group is 80.64
. According to the table of the category of students’ speaking mastery, it is in the very good category because it lies between the numbers of 75
– 89.9. Thus, the students’ speaking mastery of the experimental group after using discussions
technique can be categorized as very good. Based on the number of the students of experimental group that have high speaking score, the pre-test gets 64.5 and the
post-test get 96.8 . It can be concluded that the number of the students of the experimental group that have high speaking scores increase 32.3.
c. Comparison between the Pre-test and Post-test Scores of Students of the Experimental Group
The table below describes the statistical data of the pre-test and post-test scores of the students speaking mastery of the experimental group. The statistical
data consist of the information about the number of cases, the sum of scores, mean, and standard deviation.
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Table 8. Statistical data of the Pre-test and Post-test Scores of the Experimental Group
The mean of pre-test and post-test increases from 58.87 to 80.64, if it is consulted to the table of categorization, then it is clear that the students’ speaking mastery
improves from the poor to the very good category, because after applying the discussion technique, the mean of the post-test scores lies between the numbers of
75-89.9. Furthermore, the standard deviation of pre-test in the experimental group
is 7.63 and the standard deviation of post-test in the experimental group is 7.43. It decreases from 7.63 to 7.43. It can be concluded that the scores of the
experimental group from pre-test to post-test are more homogenous. 4.1.3 Data of the Control Group
a. Data on the Pre-test Scores of the Control Group The data of the pre-test and post-test of the control group were obtained by
using the same test
as
the experimental group. There were 10 items of oral skill in the pre-test. The possibly of the highest score is 100. The data of the pre-test
scores show the highest score is 72 while the lowest score is 37. The mean of the score is 59.40. The following table illustrates the descriptive analysis on the pre-
test scores of the control group.
Data Pre-test
Post-test
Number of cases 31
31 Sum of scores
1825 2500
Mean 58.87
80.64 SD
7.63 7.43
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Table 9. Descriptive Analysis on the Pre-test Result of the Control Group
Based on the table, the mean of the pre-test scores of the control group is 59.40. According to the table of the category of students’ speaking mastery, it is in the
poor category because it lies between the numbers of 45 – 59.5. So, it can be
concluded that the students’ speaking mastery of the control group is poor. b. Data of the post-test result of the control group
There were 10 items of oral skill in the post-test. The possibly of the highest score is 100. The data of the post-test scores show the highest score is 89
while the lowest score is 52. The mean of the score is 71.09. The following table illustrates the descriptive analysis on the post-test scores of the control group.
Table 10. Descriptive Analysis of the Result of the Post-test in the Control Group
The table above shows that the mean of the score is 70.65. If it is checked with the table of the categorization of the students speaking mastery, it is in the good
category because it lies in the number of 60 – 74.9. In other words, the students’
speaking mastery of the control group is good. Based on the number of the students of control group that have high speaking score, the pre-test gets 59.4
and the post-test gets 87.5. It can be concluded that the number of the students that have high speaking score increases 28.1.
Mean SD
Median Mode
Max scores
Min scores
Items
59.40 7.51
60 59
72 37
32
Mean SD
Median Mode
Max scores
Min scores
Items
70.65 8.46
72.50 73
89 52
32
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c. Comparison between the Pre-test Scores and the Post-test Scores of the Control Group
The table below illustrates the statistical data in the pre-test and post-test scores of the students’ speaking mastery on the control group. The statistical data
consist of the information about the number of cases, sum of scores, mean, and standard deviation.
Table 11. The Statistical Data of the Pre-test and Post-test Scores of the Control Group
Data Pre-test
Post-test
Number of cases 32
32 Sum of scores
1901 2261
Mean 59.60
70.65 SD
7.51 8.46
The mean of pre-test and post-test increases from 59.60 to 70.65. If it is consulted to the table of categorization,
then it is clear that the students’ speaking mastery increases from poor category to good category because the means of the post-test
scores lies between the numbers of 60 – 74.9.
Moreover, the standard deviation of pre-test in the control group is 7.51 and the standard deviation of post-test in the control group is 8.46. It increases
from 7.51 to 8.46. It can be concluded that the scores of the control group from pre-test to post-test are more heterogeneous.
4.1.4 Statistical Data of the Experimental Group and the Control Group This research involves two groups experimental group and control group.
Both of them received the pre-test and the post-test. The table below describes the statistical data of the Experimental Group and the Control Group.
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Table 12. Statistical Data of the Effectiveness of Discussion Technique
Data Experimental Group
Control Group
Number of cases 31
32 Sum of score
2500 2261
Mean 80.64
70.65 SD
7.43 8.46
The table above shows that there is a difference between the scores of the experimental and the control group. The mean of the students who were taught by
using the discussion technique experimental group is 80.64, while the mean of the students who were not taught by using discussion technique control group is
70.65. It confirms that the mean of the experimental group is higher than the control group. In other words, it can be concluded that the improvement of
speaking mastery in the experimental group in which the discussion technique is applied is higher than in the control group in which the discussion technique is not
applied. It also shows that a discussion technique is effective to improve the effectiveness of
students’ speaking mastery. The number of the students of the experimental group who have high
speaking scores increases 32.2, while the number of the students of the control group who have high scores increases 28.1. It confirms that the increasing
number of the students who have high speaking scores in the experimental group is higher than the control group.
The standard deviation of the experimental group decreases from 7.63 to 7.43 or the scores of the experimental group from pre-test to post-test are more
homogenous. While, the standard deviation of the control group increases from
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7.51 to 8.46 or the scores of the control group from pre-test to post-test are more heterogeneous. It can be concluded that the scores of the experimental group
become homogenous while the scores of the control group become heterogeneous.
4.2 Data Analysis
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