Analysis of the Kinetics Fermentability, Degradability, and Nutritive Value of Soybean Groats and Lemuru Fish Oil Protected by in-Vitro

Analysis of the Kinetics Fermentability, Degradability, and
Nutritive Value of Soybean Groats and Lemuru Fish Oil
Protected by in-Vitro
J. Riyanto1,2
1

Doctoral program at Gadjah Mada University,
2
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Sebelas Maret University,
57126 Surakarta, Indonesia, e-mail: jokoriyanto19@yahoo.com

Abstract
Objective of the research was to compare kinetics fermentability, degradability
and nutritive value of protected soybean groats and lemuru fish oil using in-vitro
study. Soybean groats were protected using formaldehyde whereas the lemuru fish
oil was protected by Ca-salt. The protected soybean groats and lemuru fish oil were
given as supplements of 5% and 10% of cattle’s dry matter ration, respectively.
The experiment was conducted in the cow house experiment, the Laboratory of
Biochemistry Faculty of Gadjah Mada University and the Laboratory of Nutrition
and Animal Feed Faculty of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry Department, Sebelas
Maret University. Fermentability and degradability of the rations were observed

at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 hours after incubation in the rumen fluids. The collected data
were analyzed to calculate their mean and standard deviation, and mentioned
descriptively. Results of the research showed that the kinetics of pH, VFA, NH3
and the production of ruminal microbes of soybean groats share the same pattern.
Protected lemuru fish oil indicated higher kinetics in pH, VFA and microbial protein
production, but lower for NH3 results. The protected soybean groats have a higher
dry matter consumption compared to that of lemuru fish oil, but its organic matter
and crude protein digestibility is lower. It was concluded that suplementation of
protected soybean groats and lemuru fish oil gave similar kinetics fermentation,
rumen degradability as well as nutritional values to the cattle rations therefore
could be used as PUFA feed additive sources in cattle ration.
Keywords: degradability, fermentability, lemuru fish oil, protection, soybean
groats

Introducton
Implementaton of productvty mprovement method of beef cattle through the
use of Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acd (PUFA) fodder source materal s very mportant
Proceeding of the 2nd International Seminar on Animal Industry | Jakarta, 5-6 July 2012

425

to take note of these days. Unsaturated fatty acds can mprove the functon of the
corpus luteum (Mattos et al., 2000), ovaran follcle (De Fres, 1998). Beef cattle on
feedlot fed wth protected PUFA fodder source materal that contan vegetable and
anmal ols produced beef wth hgh lnolec acd content (Glls et al., 2004), and
wth mproved qualty of beef (Scollan et al., 2001 and Ryanto et al., 2011). PUFA
source materal can be derved from anmals and vegetables. Both lnolec and lnolenc acds n the form of Saturated Fatty Acd (SFA) n the rumen escape the process of bodehydrogenase (Lourenc et al., 2010). The fat consumed by cattle beef
wll be hydrolyzed by mcroorgansms n the rumen and attached to feed partcles
and mcrobal fermentaton n the rumen thereby dsruptng the structural carbohydrates (Bauman et al., 2003). To extract post-rumnal PUFA, protectve treatment
s needed. Soybean protecton s conducted usng, among others, non-enzmatc mcrowave rradaton (Nobar, 2011), and formaldehyde (Madsen, 1982). The current
research s conducted to evaluate the fermentablty and degradablty knetcs of
basal raton (fermented straw and basal concentrate) wth protected PUFA fodder
source materal of lemuru fsh ol and soy groats

Materals and Methods
The research s conducted at Laboratory of Nutrton and Feed Anmal Scence Department of Agrculture Faculty of Sebelas Maret Unversty, Laboratory of
Bochemstry and Chemstry of Pusat Antar Unverstas of Gadjah Mada Unversty,
and at the Laboratory of Bochemstry, Faculty of Anmal Scence of Gadjah Mada
Unversty.
Two rumnally fstulated Ongole breed cattle were employed n ths study as

the rumnal flud donors. Both of them were fed wth fermented straw (40%) and
concentrate (60%). The latter s composed of a mxture of basal concentrate, soy
groats, and protected lemuru fsh ol. The lemuru fsh ol protecton method refers
to that of Cabatt (1979) ct Wdyanto (2008), that s, by saponfcaton usng KOH
and CaCl2. Soy groat protecton method s conducted n accordance wth that of
Wdyobroto et al., (1999), that s, by sprayng 37% formaldehyde that consttutes 2
percent of dry feedng materal. Basal feed (control) contan 12.2% crude proten,
5.2% crude fat, 16.9% crude fber, and 55.2% TDN.
The study parameters nclude rumnal pH, VFA (Volatile Fatty Acids) producton, NH3 concentraton, mcrobal proten knetcs, consumpton (dry materals,
organc materals, and crude proten), and dgestblty (dry materals, organc materals, and crude proten). Measurement of raton fermentablty s conducted n
specfed tme to determne the rumnal kntetcs, 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 h after feedng.
The collected data were analyzed to calculate ther mean and standard devaton, and
mentoned descrptvely.

426

Proceeding of the 2nd International Seminar on Animal Industry | Jakarta, 5-6 July 2012

Results and Dscusson
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