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CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDING
A. Data Description
In this part, the writer is going to provide description about instrument of data used in this study. The data are English test result about present
perfect tense. She gave the test to the forty students of the first grade senior high school which consists of 25 items 15 items for form and 10 items for
usage. The instrument is enclosed in appendix 1. However, the instrument of this research is divided into two parts of
area discussed in present perfect tense, and the distributions are described in the following tables:
Table 4.1 Area tested of form and usage in present perfect tense
No Error in present perfect
Question Number Total
Items 1.
The form of present perfect tense a. havehas
b. Regular verb c. Irregular verb
1,4,10,11,14 3,5,7,9,13
2,6,8,12,15 5
5 5
2 Distinguish the usage of present
perfect tense and simple past 16, 17,18, 19, 20, 21,
22, 23, 24, 25 10
Table 4.2 Students’ Score of Test Result
No Sample
Score No
Sample Score
1 Student 1
4,8 21
`Student 21 8,8
2 Student 2
7,2 22
Student 22 3,6
3 Student 3
4,0 23
Student 23 3,6
4 Student 4
3,6 24
Student 24 4,0
5 Student 5
7,6 25
Student 25 7,2
6 Student 6
7,6 26
Student 26 7,6
7 Student 7
5,6 27
Student 27 5,6
8 Student 8
4,0 28
Student 28 1,6
9 Student 9
7,2 29
Student 29 3,6
10 Student 10
3,2 30
Student 30 3,6
11 Student 11
4,4 31
Student 31 3,2
12 Student 12
7,6 32
Student 32 4,0
13 Student 13
6,8 33
Student 33 4,4
14 Student 14
5,6 34
Student 34 4,0
15 Student 15
4,4 35
Student 35 5,2
16 Student 16
7,6 36
Student 36 3,6
17 Student 17
6,4 37
Student 37 5,2
18 Student 18
100 38
Student 38 3,6
19 Student 19
3,6 39
Student 39 4,4
20 Student 20
3,2 40
Student 40 4,07
B. Data Analysis
In this part, the writer intends to analyze the instruments of data of this research. She is going to discuss the test items per area of difficulties which is
divided into two areas. They are form and usage. 1.
Form In this area, there are three categories including to form area in present
perfect tense. The areas are form of hashave, regular verb, and irregular verb. Each area consists of 5 questions, the instrument of the test can be
seen in appendix 2.
Usage In the usage area the students are asked to distinguish the usage of present
perfect tense and simple past tense. In each area consists of ten questions, the instrument of the test can be seen in appendix.
The frequency of the difficulty of present perfect tense, both in the form and the usage, could be seen in the following table:
Table 4.3 Frequency of Error in the Form of Present Perfect
No Present perfect tense
Items number
Frequency of error
Percentage
1 Form of hashave
1 7
2.81 2
Form of hashave 4
31 12.45
3 Form of hashave
10 17
6.83 4
Form of hashave 11
20 8.03
5 Form of hashave
14 21
8.43 6
Form of regular verb 3
10 4.02
7 Form of regular verb
5 10
4.02
8 Form of regular verb
7 14
5.62 9
Form of regular verb 9
8 3.21
10 Form of regular verb
13 11
Form of irregular verb 2
14 5.62
12 Form of irregular verb
6 18
7.23 13
Form of irregular verb 8
28 11.24
14 Form of irregular verb
12 23
9.24 15
Form of irregular verb 15
28 11.24
Total
15 249
100
To find out of the whole average is by using formula as follows: P = F x 100
N x n = 249 x 100
40 x 15 = 249 x 100
600
= 41.5 The table above explains about errors made by students in the form of
present perfect tense such as form of hashave, regular verb and irregular verb. The whole average from the form of present perfect tense is 58.75.
Table 4.4 Frequency of Errors in the usage of present perfect tense
No Present perfect tense
Item number Frequency of
Percentage
error 1
Present perfect tense and simple past tense
16 21
8.94
2 Present perfect tense
and simple past tense 17
17 7.23
3 Present perfect tense
and simple past tense 18
21 8.94
4 Present perfect tense
and simple past tense 19
25 10.64
5 Present perfect tense
and simple past tense 20
30 12.77
6 Present perfect tense
and simple past tense 21
19 8.09
7 Present perfect tense
and simple past tense 22
28 11.91
8 Present perfect tense
and simple past tense 23
22 9.36
9 Present perfect tense
and simple past tense 24
17 7.23
10 Present perfect tense
and simple past tense 25
35 14.89
Total
10 235
100
To find out of the whole average is by using formula as follows:
P = F x 100 N x n
= 235 x 100 40 x 10
= 235 x 100 400
= 58.75
The table above explains about the whole average of errors made by students in the usage of present perfect tense present perfect tense and past
tense. The percentage is 58.75 of students made errors in both. After explaining the genaral frequency of errors above, the writer
would like to explain about the specific frequency of errors that were made by the students. Here are the tables of specific frequency.
Table 4.5 Specific frequency of errors in the form of present perfect tense
No Items number Error made
Frequency Percentage
1 1
Omission of auxiliary 7
2.81 2
4 Omission of auxiliary
20 8.3
Third person singular verb
11 4.24
3 10
Third person singular verb
17 6.83
4 11
Omission of auxiliary 20
8.3 5
14 Omission of auxiliary
21 8.24
6 3
Omission of auxiliary 10
4.2 7
5 Incorrect verb form
10 4.2
8 7
Incorrect verb form 14
5.62 9
9 Omission of auxiliary
8 3.21
10 13
- 11
2 Omission of auxiliary
10 4.2
Incorrect verb form 4
1.2 12
6 Omission of auxiliary
8 3.21
Incorrect verb form 10
4.2 13
8 Incorrect verb form
28 11.24
14 12
Incorrect verb form 23
9.24 15
15 Incorrect verb form
28 11.24
Number of Error 249
100
It can be seen from the table above that the specific errors made by the students in the form hashave is the ommision of auxiliary and correct verb
form. The students mostly use” has” in the third person like in sentence the children has found the lost puppy and They leaved just now. Beside that, it
is also caused by mother tongue interference
. And
The error that appeared to be a systematic is the over-generalization of pas tense form.
The students sometimes have problem with past participle formation. This fault could be attributed to intra-lingual confusion since in some cases
the subjects applied the past tense mar ked” –ed” of regular form to
irregular verb.
Table 4.6 Specific frequency of errors in the usage of present perfect tense
No Items number
Error made Frequency
Percentage 1
16 Omission of auxiliary
and incorrect verb form
21 8.94
2 17
Omission of auxiliary and incorrect verb
form 17
7.23
3 18
Omission of auxiliary and incorrect verb
form 21
8.94
4 19
Omission of auxiliary and incorrect verb
form 25
10.64
5 20
Omission of auxiliary and incorrect verb
form 30
12.7
6 21
Omission of auxiliary and incorrect verb
form 19
8.09
7 22
Omission of auxiliary and incorrect verb
form 28
11.91
8 23
Omission of auxiliary and incorrect verb
form 22
9.36
9 24
Omission of auxiliary and incorrect verb
form 17
7.23
10 25
Omission of auxiliary and incorrect verb
form 35
14.89
Number of Error 235
100
The table above shows that errors made by the students are mostly omission of auxiliary verb and incorrect verb. They made errors in the usage
of present perfect present perfect tense and past tense. The students still get confused the present perfect tense and the simple past tense because both of
them has the same meaning that is they are used to refer to an event or state in the past. In addition, both can be used to refer to a state of affairs that existed
for a period of time. From the table explanation above, the writer would like to conclude
that the most mistakes done by the students both in the form and usage of present perfect tense and in distinguishing the present perfect tense and
simple past tense. The writer took twelve items which in each item there are ten and
more students who made mistakes. These students were choosing the answer which is not in the form of present perfect tense.
a. In item number 4 there are 31 students or 12.45 who made mistakes.
This item about the form of hashave which is form of the affirmative or
positive statement. The right answer is : The children have found the lost
puppy. b.
In item number 10 there are 17 students or 6.83 who made mistakes. This item is about the form of hashave which is form of the negative
statement. The right answer is: Our parcel
haven’t arrived yet
c. In item number 11 there are 20 students or 8.03 who made mistakes.
This items is about the form of the interrogative statement. The right
answer is: Has Fahry already spoken to you?
d. In item number 14 there are 21 students or 8.43 who made mistakes.
This item is about the form of hashave, which is in the form of positive
statement. The right answer is: Rahman: “Oh my god Someone has stolen
my motorcycl e”
e. In item number 3 there are 10 students or 4.02 who made mistakes. This
item is about the form of regular verb. The right answer is : Rani
hasn’t worked
for last December. f.
In item number 5 there are 10 students or 4.02 who made mistakes. This
item is about the form of regular verb. The right answer is : We have lived
here for a year g.
In item number 7 there are 14 students or 5.62 who made mistakes. This
item is about the form of regular verb. The right answer is : They have moved
in a new apartment.
h. In item number 2 there are 14 students or 5.62 who made mistakes. This
item is about the form of irregular verb. The right answer is : I have seen
my new teacher. i.
In item number 6 there are 18 students or 7.23 who made mistakes. This
item is about the form of irregular verb. The right answer is : Alan has been
married j.
In item number 8 there are 28 students or 11.24 who made mistakes. This item is about the form of irregular verb. The right answer is :
Andrew
: “have you met many people since you came here?”
Serly : “yes, I have.”
k. In item number 12 there are 23 students or 9.24 who made mistakes.
This item is about the form of irregular verb in negative statement. The right answer is : I
haven’t written any letter yet
l. In item number 15 there are 28 students or 11.24 who made mistakes.
This item is about the form of irregular verb in positive statement. The
right answer is: Maria has taught English since 1998
From the description above the most mistakes done by the students are the form of present perfect tense that is in item number 4. This item is about
the form of hashave which is form of the affirmative or positive statement. The students still get confused about the subject between plural or singular
pronoun. The second is to distinguish usage of present perfect tense and simple
past tense. The writer took four which are in each number there are more than 10 students who made mistakes. The writer would only give the data from
the mistake done by the students in the using of present perfect tense not in simple past tense. In each number, most of the students wrote their own
answers which are not in the present perfect tense. a.
In item number 19 there are 25 students or 10.64 who made mistakes.
The right answer is: Has Ali visited his grandfather since January?
b. In item number 20 there are 30 students or 12.77 who made mistakes.
The right answer is : Mary and Calissa have slept for hours.
c. In item number 22 there are 28 students or 11.91 who made mistakes.
The right answer is: You broke my watch last week
d. In item number 25 there are 35 students or 14.89 who made mistakes.
The right answer is : He ate pizza three days ago
From the description above it shows that the students are still get difficulty to distinguish the usage of present perfect tense.
C. Data Interpretation
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