Definition of Term Background of Study

10 the researcher focused on the use of observation sheet as the media to assess students’ performance in Microteaching class. The researcher found the result of the study that most the students in Microteaching classes had positive responses on the use of observation sheet as the media to give the feedback. The observation sheet was helpful to help the students indentify their strengths and weaknesses. There were also some students who gave negative responses toward the use of observation sheet. The students received the feedback about their teaching performance, the feedback that can motivate students, and the general scores of the performance. The students gave some recomendation about the use of observation sheet. The recomendations were the observation sheet should have bigger columns for the comment and it should have detailed points about the indicators of teaching skills. The second research was conducted on 2010 in Sanata Dharma University by Riskisari Restuningtyas. This research focused on the students’ perception on supervisors’ feedback. The researcher found that the lecturers gave the feedback in different ways. The students were motivated and they could develop their strength and improved their weaknesses. The students suggested that the feedback should be given directly after the performance, both oral and written feedback. b Positive and Negative Feedback There are two kinds of feedback that is positive feedback and negative feedback. Positive feedback gives positive reinforcement, while negative feedback gives negatives reinforcement to the students. According to Fishbach, Eyal, and 11 Finkelstein Fishbach, Eyal Finkelstein,2010 positive feedback increases people’s confidence that they are able to pursue their goals, leading people to expect successful goal. While the negative feedback decreases people’s confidence in their ability to pursue their goals and their expectations of success. However in some cases, negative feedback can be more effective rather than positive feedback Fishbach et al, 2010. According to Skinner as cited at Schunk 2008 the reinforcements are the stimuli for the students and it has consequences for the students. Positive reinforcement is used to make students work productively in classroom or sustain their effort at a high level. Negative feedback gives negative reinforcement and it may have punishment. There are four kinds of positive reinforcement from the teacher Lewis, 2002. The first reinforcement is positive verbal reinforcement in which the teacher immediatelly gives the comment for the students, for example good, excellent, correct, and fine. The second reinforcement is positive nonverbal reinforcement in which the teacher gives the respond in some movement or gesture, for examples nodding the head, smiles, keeps the eyes in the student, and move toward the student. The third one is called positively qualitified reinforcement in which the teacher differentially reinforces. The last reinforcement is delayed reinforcement when the teacher emphasiszes positive aspect of students responses by redirecting class attention to earlier contributions by a student. Both positive and negative reinforcements will influence the improvement and the performance of the students. 12 c The purpose of feedback There are five purposes of feedback according to Lewis Lewis, 2002: 3,4: 1. Feedback provides information for teacher and students By focusing on the strength and the weakness of the performers, feedback gives information about the i mprovement of the students’ performances to the teacher and also the students themselves. 2. Feedback provides students with advice about learning Teacher can give comment based on the students’ performances. The teacher do not only give them some comments, teacher also can use journal to give some advices to the students. 3. Feedback provides students with language input Teacher can use feedback to give the students language input. Teacher gives the feedback, it can be written or oral, using English language that higher than what the students’ own current language use. It may help students to improve their vocabulary. 4. Feedback is a form of motivation Feedback helps students to encourage themselves. It motivates students to study and use language to the best of their ability by taking into account whatever the teacher knows about the learners’ attitudes.