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b. Interview Protocol
The researcher also used interviews as a tool in responding to the second and third problems. The interview was used to collect data about students’
opinions, beliefs and feelings about particular phenomena. The interview protocol was used to help the researcher deliver well-planned questions. The interview
with the students aimed to investigate four points 1 the students’ understanding of noun phrases 2 the students’ experience related to problems in forming basic
noun phrases 3 the causes of the students’ errors 4 suggestions offered by the students to improve their understanding of basic noun phrases. On the other hand,
the interview with the teachers aimed to investigate two points 1 the causes of the students’ errors 2 suggestions offered by the teachers to improve the students’
understanding of basic noun phrases. The interview was semi-structured. Therefore, the questions delivered based on the interview protocol and varied
according to the information the interviewer wanted to elicit from the students and the teachers.
2. Data Gathering Technique
In order to respond to the first and second research problems, the researcher gathered the data from the students’ descriptive writing. The
documents were written by VIIF graders of SMP Pangudi Luhur 1 Yogyakarta in 20112012 academic year. Then, as an attempt to respond to the second
triangulation and third research problems, the researcher conducted interviews. The interview was set up as a focus group because this was cost-effective and
time-efficient. The interviewees gathered to discuss the errors that the students
36 made and possible causes of the students’ errors and also make suggestions to
improve students’ understanding of basic noun phrases. By working in a group, the students were stimulated to reflect on the issues together and bounce ideas of
one another. This made the students more willing to share their ideas than if they had been interviewed individually. As a focus group structure allowed the
researcher to gather a range of information, it was also useful and time-efficient way for the researcher to explore the possible causes of the students’ errors and
obtain suggestions to improve students’ understanding of basic noun phrases.
E. Data Analysis Technique
The researcher analyzed basic noun phrases based on the theories stated in the theoretical description and theoretical framework in chapter II. Based on those
theories, several kinds of errors could be found from the sub-classification of errors, while the possible causes and suggestions were obtained from interview
results. First, the researcher created tables of classification to analyze the data.
There are seven data analysis tables 1 a table of the number of basic noun phrases and the errors 2 a table of the number of type 1 basic noun phrase errors 3 a
table of the number of type 2 basic noun phrase errors 4 a table describing the students’ errors 5 a table of summarizing the students’ type 1 basic noun phrase
errors 6 a table of summarizing the students’ type 2 basic noun phrase errors 7 a table of possible error corrections.
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