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1. Error Analysis
Richards, Platt, Platt 1992 state that “error analysis is the study and the analysis of errors made by second language learners” p. 127. Dulay, Burt
Krashen 1982 concludes that “error analysis has two major purposes: to provide data from which inferences about the nature of the language learning process can
be made; and to show which part of the target language students have most difficulty producing correctly and which error type detract most from a learner’s
ability to communicate effectively” p. 138. In this study, the term error analysis refers to a study which identifies, describes and explains second language
learners’ errors to provide data analysis and feedback. In addition, in this study the researcher does not differentiate between
errors and mistakes since distinguishing those two terms is not a simple task. Thus, in this study the term errors refer to any of the students’ misproduction
which shows misunderstanding or failure to perform what the students have already understood about basic noun phrase formation.
2. Basic Noun Phrases
Quirk, Greenbaum, Leech Svartvik 1972 state that basic noun phrase is a word or group of words which contain a noun or pronoun as the head. Basic
noun phrase can be comprised of the head nouns with determiners or determiners modified by pre-determiners andor post-determiners p. 127. In this study, basic
noun phrases are divided into two types. It is supported by Quirk et al. 1972 and Lam 2004 who also state that basic noun phrases are classified into two types.
Type 1 basic noun phrase consists of head only, namely pronouns or numerals.
8 While type 2 basic noun phrase, it is comprised of a noun as the head and
determiners which occur before the head. In addition, this study focuses on basic noun phrases made by VIIF grade students. Thus, any errors in grammar and
punctuation of the whole paragraph of the students’ descriptive writing were disregarded.
3. Descriptive Writing
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