Review of Literature REVIEW OF LITERATURES, CONCEPTS, AND THEORETICAL

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURES, CONCEPTS, AND THEORETICAL

FRAMEWORK

2.1 Review of Literature

A literature review is an evaluative report of information found in the literature related to the selected area of study. The review should describe, summary, evaluate and clarify this literature. There are three previous studies which concern with verbal and non-verbal that have been done by the student of English Department Faculty of Letters and Cultures Udayana University. Paper entitled “Analysis of Visual and Verbal in Harley-Davidson‟s Motorcycle Advertisement in Hot Bike Magazine” done by Savitri 2007. This paper was also analyzed about verbal and visual messages and it focused on the production signs which have the power to promote and persuade. This study was mainly aimed to describe the sign visual and verbal in the advertisement relating to the analyzing of its meaning and function of language, and context of situation. The data used in this study was taken from the Harley- Davidson‟s Enthusiast magazine, Januari 2007 edition as the primary data. The main theories that used in this study were theories of meanings and function by Geoffrey Leech and the theories of context of situation by Haliday. From this study found the visual sign used as the prominent sign of the advertisement and intended to attract the attention of the reader. This study concern on the production signs which have the power to promote and persuade but in my study focus on relationship verbal and non-verbal sign. The second paper entitled “Semiotic Analysis of Bali Taksu Travel‟s Brochures” by Wijaya 2009. This paper focus on the presentation of the analysis of the verbal signs and the visual signs are conveyed by both verbal and visual sign in Bali Taksu Travel‟s Brochures. This study aimed to analyze the text in Bali Taksu Travel‟s Brochure and find out the message conveyed by both verbal and visual sign in Bali Taksu Travel‟s Brochure. This data was taken from Bali Taksu Travel‟s office at jalan Waribang no.21A Kesiman, Denpasar, Bali. Brochures verbal signs were analyzed based on Dyer‟s concept and visual signs of the brochure were analyzed based on the semiotic theory by Chandler. From this study, find out the message conveyed by both verbal and visual sign in Bali Taksu Travel‟s Brochures. Similar with this study, but the title meaning of this paper is too wide. So I choose the title in my paper more specific from this paper. The third paper is written by Moch 2008 entitled “A Semiotic Analysis of Madonna‟s Concert Film Live to Tell”. This study focused to find out the presentation of visual sign in concert film for satisfy the audiences. This paper aimed to analyze function of icon, symbol, and index in Madonna‟s concert film Live to Tell and to find out the use of the scenic design in Madonna‟s concert film Live to Tell. The data was taken from Madonna‟s concert film entitled Live to Tell in Confession Tour 2006 which caused controversy because of the catholic symbol, namely crucifix, used when Madonna acted like Jesus Christ. The method used to collect data in social sciences is Qualitative method. All the data are analyzed and explained by applying descriptive method. The weakness of this paper is it does not discuss about the relationship between verbal and non-verbal sign. This study is different from his study because this study analyzes the relationship between verbal and non-verbal sign. The different between three reviewed papers with this study is the theories used and the data source. In this study used the theory from Leech about the meaning of verbal and non-verbal sign. And also it used the theory from color psychology to find meaning from illustration colors. In this study used different data source, drink and food advertisement. It makes different with three reviewed papers before.

2.2. Journal Review