Simple aspect Grammatical Aspects

39 divided into three major levels consists of basic education, secondary education, and higher education. The basic education functions as the foundation of secondary education and it is divided into two: the primary school that needs six years to complete and junior secondary school that requires three years to complete. The next level is secondary education and it takes three years to complete i.e. senior high school, madrasah aliyah, and senior vocational high school. Higher education level refers to education after secondary education; it consists of diploma, bachelor, master, and doctorate programs. The policy regarding curriculum in Indonesian education system frequently changes according to the government. When the ministry of education in charge is replaced then it possibly happens to have a different policy concerning to the curriculum. It influences the position of the English language education in Indonesian education system. Despite the changing policy on the education system, English has never been taught as a primary subject on most of early and elementary education level. It possibly happens for its position in Indonesia as a foreign language. Being a foreign language, English only taught in elementary schools students as supplementary subject whilst on junior and senior high schools it becomes a required subject. In higher education level, the English language teaching is different from those in basic education and secondary education levels. English is generally viewed as an important subject since the English proficiency levels of the students could determine their academic success because there are many academic references are in English. Moreover, when the students are graduated then their English proficiency can be beneficial for their future in the working world. 40 Nevertheless, it does not merely make all universities provide sufficient credit unit for English as an academic course. For non-English major study programs, English course is only given in two or four credit units and it seems that it does not help those students much to improve their English proficiency level. Musthafa 2009 argues that small credit units for English course in university is not making any difference for the university students because they have been exposed to English for some 736 hours in Junior and Senior high school yet it does not seem that those university students are well equipped to make themselves able to read textbook in English. English as Foreign Language EFL learners refers to the non-native English language learners who study English in their own countries. They study English in a non-English environment in which the English language is not commonly spoken outside the classroom. Fernandez 2012 as cited in Nordquist 2015, states that ESL and EFL are different in terms of the medium of instruction used in education and in government. In ESL, the medium of instructions in education and government is in English even though English is not their native language. On the other hand, in EFL environment the medium of instruction in education and government are in learners’ native languages. English is only taught in the classrooms and it is not completely used during teaching- learning processes in classrooms. According to Kachru’s concentric circle, Indonesia belongs to the group of expanding circle countries in which the countries do not have any history on English colonialization at the past yet at the present time the English language has become number one international language in Indonesia. Given that fact, EFL