5. Sharing Personal Experiences The aim of this task is to encourage the students to talk more freely about
themselves and also to share their experiences with others. 6. Creative Tasks
These tasks are often called projects and involve pairs or groups of learners in some kind of free creative work. These tasks can involve the
combination of task types such as listing, ordering and sorting, comparing and problem solving.
4. Students’ Characteristics
Junior High School consists of three grades namely grade seven, grade eight and grade nine. In this case, the writer will only concern with grade seven.
According to Hurlock 1980:185, the students of grade seven are of the age 12 or 13 where they are in the puberty stage. They are considered as adolescence.
Adolescence is a transition period that is a period of individual’s life when they develop from a child into an adult Hurlock, 1980:207. Konopka 1973 added
that there are three periods of adolescence, namely early adolescence the years from twelve to fifteen, middle adolescence fifteen to eighteen and late
adolescence nineteen to twenty two. Adolescence is the period of development in which there are several developments happened during the adolescence stage.
Hamachek 1990: 106-126 in Psychology in Teaching, Learning and Growth explains the developments of adolescence.
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a. Physical Development In adolescence stage, the growth of body is rapid although it is varied
among the students. Their body changes markedly in form and function during this stage of development. Boys and girls have differences in their growth. Boys
develop wider shoulders for example while girls develop wider hips. Hamachek 1990: 107 says that in adolescence, strength and stamina increase and
correspondingly, so does the capacity for work and play. b. Social Development
Much adolescence spends their time more outside their home. They prefer spending time with their friends or groups than with their family. Adolescence
searches their identity through the value given by other people. Many activities, which are usually done in groups or peers, aim at knowing themselves through
feedback from others. Hurlock 1980:213 says that the individuals get more influence to their behavior, attitude, interest and appearance from their friends
rather than their family. Pikunas 1976:263 adds that discussion with peers facilitates the students to improve their communication skills as well as to
generate new interest and attitudes, broaden viewpoints, and enrich personality resources.
c. Cognitive Development The cognitive development has developed well in this stage. The students
acquire formal thinking or formal operation that enables them to think logically Johnson, 1979:63. Their intellectual processes move from thoughts only about
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everyday, concrete here and now happening to complex issues and the meaning of life Hamachek 1990: 127.
They are already able to think, hypothesize and imagine. They are able to think from the concrete issues to the complex ones, develop hypothesis based on
certain situation and imagine something based on their point of view. Hamachek 1990: 123 adds that it is during adolescence that one develops the capacity for
imagining and hypothesizing when a certain situation exists. d. Emotional Development
In this stage, there is an increasing of emotional which is apparent in various ways. Emotionally, adolescents tend to be unstable since they are in the
transition period from childhood into adulthood. They become sensitive and react easily to certain situation. The series of fluctuating ups and downs is the main
characteristic of emotional development in adolescence. Hamachek 1990:121 adds that depression is the common emotional experience in adolescence.
5. School-Based Curriculum
