The second are the safety needs. The motives that may include are security, stability, dependency, protection, freedom from fear and anxiety, and need for structure
and order. The dominant forces such as security, protection, and safety affect a person’s life until they can be satisfied. As people grow up, the safety needs are largely met. When
they feel secure and safe, they will develop to the next higher needs. The third are the belongingness and love needs. The motives covered are love and
affection. People have the strong desire of having contact with friends, family, and society when these needs dominate. As human beings, people need to give and receive love. They
can make it through marriage, work, or social activities. If the belongingness and love needs are not satisfied, psychological problems may develop.
The fourth are the esteem needs. The motives include a high evaluation of oneself, self-respect, achievement, and recognition by others. In society, people need to gain
competence to get others’ respect. People will also feel confident and important if they earn recognition, attention, and status. Thus, the lack of satisfying esteem needs causes the
feeling of inferiority and helplessness. The fifth is the self-actualization. After satisfying the physiological needs, safety,
love, and esteem needs, people move to the highest level, self-actualization. This may refer to the identification of the psychological need for growth, development, and the attainment
of the individual’s special potential. This need is also considered the desire to become more and more what one is, to become everything that one is capable of becoming. Self-
actualization is highly individualized because of the difference of people’s capability.
4. Struggle for Life
People in this world always face many problems in their lives. Whether the problems are easy or difficult, people directly cannot escape from them. In order to
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survive, they need to struggle wisely and carefully. McKechnie 1410 says that struggle is “a task or goal requiring many efforts to accomplish or achieve”. The good implementation
of that goal or task is the reflection of human’s hard work. According to Huffman, et al 410, our goals in life provide the source of our motivation. It means that the source of
people’s struggle is their goals and the reason why people struggle is that they have wants that motivate them. For example, a parent that loves his or her children and wants to make
them happy has tasks or goals for taking care of them, giving good education in order to prepare them for their independent lives, and communicating with them well to show that
their parent loves them. Moreover, a person’s struggles may cover his strategies in solving his life
problems. The appropriate strategy is that people need to apply adjustment after they are attacked by stress to cope their problems Weiner 64. According to Pettijohn 282
adjustment is the way people adequately give response to the demands of stress in their lives. Thus, adjustment can lead people into the forms of coping problems.
According to Huffman, et al 453 there is three forms of coping problem. The first is an emotion-focused form of coping dealing with emotional-cognitive strategies that
change people’s view of stressful situation. In the other words, this is related to people acceptance of situation and controlling the symptoms of stress. The second are defense
mechanisms, which concern with unconscious strategies that protect ego and avoid anxiety by distorting reality. One of defense mechanism types is repression. According to Pettijohn
293 based on Freud’s idea about the types of defense mechanism, repression is an unconscious activity that is done conveniently by a person in order to forget or repress
painful memories and unacceptable motives. The person conducts it because he or she does not want to deal with this anymore. Repression can only work for a short run because
actually it just delays someone to solve his or her problems.
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While the third is a problem-focused form of coping that reveals the strategies dealing directly with the stressful strategies by applying problem-solving techniques to
decrease it. Further, Brockovich and Eliot 180 add that problem-solving skills may include isolating the problem, identifying the route to its obstacle, figuring out a way to get
round it, and fixing the problems.
5. Parental Love
