might look like in the future; his mind pictured chaos on earth and thoughts about his son. He only wrote initial notes but did not develop that idea until several years later. McCarthy
eventually finished The Road, that he dedicated it to his son, John Francis McCarthy.
C. Theoretical Framework
In conducting this study, there are some theories applied to analyze the novel. The first theories applied in this study are theories of character and characterization. The
theories of character proposed by Henkle, Perrine and Forster are used to differentiate the types of characters. It means that they are used to determine the major and minor
characters in the story. While theory of characterization proposed by Murphy is needed to find out the depiction of main character by the author in the story and to discover the
characteristics of the main character in the novel. Therefore, in this study, theory of characterization is used to find out what kind of person the character of the father in The
Road is. The second theory is theory of psychology. Theory of psychology consists of
theory of motivation, struggle for life, and parental love. Theories of motivation proposed by Beck and Maslow are emphasized on searching and explaining the motives underlying
the character’s action to get the better life for his son. Then, theory of struggle for life is needed to answer question related to character’s struggle. This may describe the meaning,
the ways the main character conducts life struggle and what the results of his struggles. The last is theory of parental love which in this study is needed to understand the
manifestation of the main character’s love to his son that actually becomes his motive to struggles and sustain his own and his son’s life.
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CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
This chapter covers four parts. The first part is the subject matter that explains about the novel analyzed in this study. The second part is the approach of the study that
clarifies the type of approach used to analyze the novel. The third part is the method of the study that emphasizes the steps taken in doing this study, and the fourth part deals with the
sources used in this study.
A. Subject Matter
The novel analyzed in this study is entitled The Road written by Cormac McCarthy, an American science fiction writer. This novel consists of 307 pages. The first edition was
published in 2006 as Borzoi Book by Alfred A. Knopf, a division of Random House, Inc. in New York and the first book publication in Great Britain was by Picador. Further,
Cormac McCarthy’s The Road became the winner of the Pulitzer Prize for fiction in 2007. The story of The Road is not only considered brutal and full of horror but also full
of hope, love, and sacrifice. The unique thing found in the story is there is no proper name of the main character, character backgrounds and historical contexts in the story. Basically,
the story tells about a father and his son plodding on the unnamed road southwards to avoid the cold of the winter. They walk across devastating area, which has been destroyed
by huge calamity. They bring their limited belongings in a supermarket cart and knapsacks. Both of them also wear masks to protect from the ashes blowing through the air blended
with the cold ice. All plants, animals and civilization are dead; nothing left, except the survivors who compete among others to get food and safety. Most of them become
cannibals that are called blood cults, road agents, and marauders in this novel. 20
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