work. The students’ written work errors in each criterion would be presented in percentage.
F. Data Gathering
There were two major categories of data obtained from this survey. The first was from the learners and the second was from the English lecturers.
This data was obtained from observations, closed questions, open questions and interviews. The first step in collecting the data was observing the class
and distributing the questionnaires to students. This was done in order to find out the learners’ needs for learning English. The researcher distributed the
designed materials, questionnaire and conducted some informal interviews with the English lecturers to obtain their recommendation, criticism, and
suggestions.
G. Data Analysis
The researcher analyzed the data attained through observation, interviews and questionnaires. There were two ways of analyzing the data.
The data for the needs analysis were grouped and analyzed in order to the design of the materials that fitted the learners’ needs. The data collected for
evaluating the design materials were analyzed to find out the modus, median, and mean. Brown 1988:66-67 defines the mean as the sum of all the values
in a distribution divided by the number of the values. The median is the point of distribution below which 50 of the values lie and above which 50 lie.
The mode is that value in a set of numbers that occurs most frequently. In this study, the researcher used five points of agreement to assess the respondents’
opinions on the designed materials. The data analysis of the description statistics used the central tendency
mean, median, and mode of the respondents’ opinion and the designed instructional materials.
The data from the first part of questionnaire used the frequency distribution and is presented in the table below:
No. Statements N Frequencies
1 2 3 4 5
The assessment of the respondents’ opinion on the designed used five points of agreement:
1 = absolutely disagree with statement 2 = disagree with statement
3 = neither agree or disagree with statement 4 = agree with statement
5 = absolutely agree with statement The data from the second part of the questionnaire would be using the
frequency distribution presented in the table below:
Groups of respondents Sex
Education background Year of teaching
X = mean Σ = sum
x = scores N = number
Σx X =
N PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
University Graduate experiences
F M
1 2
3 4
5 English
lecturers English
instructors
The data were presented in the following table below:
Respondents’ opinion N
Mean Median
Mode Statement 1
Statement 2
H. Research Procedure
Kategori