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B. Identification of the Problems
Based on the observation which had been done in Grade VIII C of SMP N 3 Pakem, there were some problems occurring during the teaching and learning
process of reading. To identify the problems occurring in the classroom, the researcher tried to identify five different factors which influence the teaching and
learning process. Those factors are the learning materials, the teaching methods and techniques used by the teacher, the teaching media, the teacher and the
students. The first factor is the learning materials. The learning materials used
during the teaching and learning of reading in Grade VIII C were limited. The materials were sometimes taken from LKS Lembar Kerja Siswa but the LKS did
not belong to the students themselves. The teacher usually gave each student a copy of some materials from the LKS and got them back after the lesson ended. It
was a problem because the students did not have their own copies of the LKS so that they could not study them before and after the lesson. Even though each
student was given BSE, the BSE was seldom used because the key answers were attached in the book. Therefore, it was considered ineffective to use the BSE.
The second factor is the teaching methods and techniques used by the teacher. The teacher used traditional techniques in which she employed reading
aloud and translation during the teaching and learning of reading. The discussion of the content of the text was done by translating sentence by sentence followed
by question and answer activity with the students. It was considered as a problem because these techniques had not helped the students comprehend the text.
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The third factor is the media. The media used for the teaching and learning process such as a whiteboard, board markers, desks and chairs did not
help the students much in reading. New technology like LCD projector was never used by the teacher during the teaching and learning. The teacher also did not use
other media such as color pens, pictures, realia, and so on except what was included on the BSE or LKS.
The fourth factor is the teacher. In teaching, the teacher took role as a controller in which she was in charge of the class and of the activities such as
giving explanations, organizing question and answer work, leading discussion, and telling a story. Her role made the classroom interaction more teacher-centered
than student-centered. The last factor is related to the students. The students of Grade VIII C had
some problems in reading that affected their reading achievement which was low. The first problem
was the lack of the students‟ vocabulary that made them find it difficult to comprehend the text and the meaning of comprehension questions. The
second problem was the lack of the students‟ comprehension of the content of the text such as finding a topic, finding stated and unstated details, and identifying
references. It was because they found it difficult to differentiate one concept and another concept. They used to match the words in multiple choice options with the
words in the text. However, if the words or the sentences were not exactly similar to those in the text, they found it difficult to answer the questions. The fourth
problem was the lack of the students‟ enthusiasm during the teaching and learning process of reading. It was shown by the fact that there were some students who
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did not pay attention to the teacher and were busy to chitchat with their friends. The fifth problem was the lack of the students‟ participation especially in asking
questions and giving opinions or ideas during the teaching and learning process of reading.
C. Limitation of the Problem
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