After conducting the research, the researcher makes self evaluation to him or herself about what has been done.
Those steps belong to cycle. In this study, there are two cycles; cycle 1 and cycle 2. Before the research is conducted, the researcher gives pre-test before the
students get the treatment and post-test after they get it. The result of the pre-test, students‟ work in cycles, and post-test will be compared to know whether PWIM
can improve students‟ skill in writing recount text or not.
2.3 Theoretical Framework
In the process of writing recount text, the students of junior high school still face the difficulties. It is important for the teachers to facilitate them with an
interesting strategy in order to encourage them in learning English especially writing. Among the various kinds of strategy, PWIM Picture Word Inductive
Model is one of alternative strategy that will be effective to be applied in writing recount text. By using PWIM, students will know what they will write. The
PWIM helps students to elicit the ideas to improve their writing. In conducting this study, the researcher will use classroom action research
to get the data. Based on the references, action research is a systematic process of inquiry consisting of three elements, they are problem, data, and the analysis and
interpretation of the data. The researcher will take the data from the students of grade VIII Junior High School 2 Semarang. They are asked to write recount text
by their own way pre-test. Then, they will get treatment of the implementation of PWIM. And next, they will construct recount text again by using PWIM
strategy post-test. The result of the pre-test and the post-test will be compared to get the conclution. Besides using test, the researcher also uses observation sheet
and questionnaire to collect the data. Observation sheet will be used to know the students‟ attention to the teacher‟s explanation, the students‟ active participation
during the lesson, the students‟ responses towards the PWIM strategy, and the students‟ skill in producing recount text. The questionnaire will be used to know
the students‟ opinion about the PWIM itself. The framework of the present study can be seen in the following scheme:
Figure 2.10 Framework of the Study
Problems of writing recount text
Picture Word Inductive Model PWIM strategy
Teaching and learning material at Junior High School
Classroom Action Research
1. Select the picture 2. Identify and label the
picture 3. Read and review the
picture word chart 4. Create a title
5. Generate the words into paragraphs
6. Read and review the paragraphs
Result Students‟ responses of
the PWIM implementation Observation Sheet
during the cycles
Post-test Planning
Action Observation
Reflection Cycle 1
Pre-Test
Cycle 2
Planning Action
Observation Reflection
Questionnaire
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CHAPTER 3 METHOD OF INVESTIGATION
This chapter provides the information of method to collect and analyze the data. It consists of the research design, the subject of the study, roles of the researcher,
types of data, the instruments for collecting data, the procedure of collecting data, the procedure of analyzing the data, and the technique of reporting the analysis.
3.1 Research Design
Research design is how a researcher conducts the research. In this research, the researcher
tried to improve students‟ writing skill in writing recount text by using Picture Word Inductive Model PWIM strategy so that this research belongs to
action research because “the central idea of the action part of action research is to intervene in a deliberate way in the problematic situation in order to bring about
changes and, even better, improvemen ts in practice” Burns, 2010:2. Kemmis
and McTaggard in Nunan 1992:17 stated that there are three defining characteristics of action research. First, it is carried out by practitioners
classroom teachers rather than outside researchers. Second, it is collaborative, means that people works together for a special purpose. Third, it is aimed at
changing thing. Kemmis and McTaggart in Burns 2010:9 draw the action research design
of action research steps as follows:
