Figure 3.1 Cyclical Action Research model based on Kemiis and McTaggart
From the figure above, there are two cycles in the action research steps; cycle 1 and cycle 2. Each cycle consists of four steps. They are planning, acting,
observing, and reflecting. Before conducting cycle 1, the researcher gave pre- cycle test to the students and post-cycle test and also questionnaire in the end of
cycle 2. The detail of all steps can be elaborated as follows:
3.1.1 Pre-Test
At the first meeting of the research, the researcher gave a pre-test to the students. Pre-test was conducted before the researcher gave them the treatment which was
teaching writing recount text using PWIM strategy. The test was aimed to
measure the studen ts‟ basic skill of writing recount text before the researcher gave
the treatment. This test asked students to create a recount text about their last holiday based on their own way. Then, the researcher scored and analyzed the
result of pre-test to determine the students‟ difficulties in writing recount text.
3.1.2 Cycle 1
Cycle 1 was done in the second meeting. In this meeting, the researcher applied PWIM as a strategy in teaching writing recount text. The researcher gave some
treatments to the students related to the materials. There were four steps in conducting cycle 1.
1 Planning The first thing that should the researcher do was planning. In this case, the
researcher did some activities: a Preparing the research‟s schedule
The researcher arranged the schedule with the English teacher of State Junior High School 2 Semarang. The English schedule was on Monday and Saturday
each week with 2 lesson hours 2 jam pelajaran each meeting. b Preparing the teaching materials
The researcher prepared the lesson plan for Basic Competence 3.12 about recount text and the pictures that became the object of writing recount text. She also
prepared the teaching and learning material sheet related to recount text that would be delivered to the students. She would give them a drill technique to
encourage their vocabulary.
c Preparing the teaching tools The researcher prepared the classroom facilities such as whiteboard and board
marker. d Preparing the measurement tool
The researcher prepared the measurement tool that would be used in cycle 1 that is observation sheet.
e Preparing the evaluation rubric The researcher prepared the rubric to analyze the result of writing recount text
test. 2 Action
After planning, the researcher did the action in the classroom. She gave the students an example of recount text. She explained them about the generic
structure and the language features of recount text. Then, she guided them to create a recount text by using PWIM strategy. She gave them a sequence of
pictures and then asked them to identify what things or objects they saw in the pictures. The topic of picture is about holiday activities. Next, they mentioned and
labelled the pictures. Then, they started to write paragraphs of recount text guiding by the words and phrases they had written in the pictures.
3 Observation Observation was done during the treatment. While the teaching and learning
process in the classroom worked, the researcher observed things happened in the classroom. The researcher used the observation sheet that had been prepared in
planning stage. The observation sheet would be used to know about the whole teaching and learning process. The important things that were observed in the
observation stage were the students‟ behaviour during the teaching and learning
process in the classroom and the students‟ responses in learning process by using PWIM strategy. The results of observation in cycle 1 helped the researcher to
determine the action in cycle 2. 4 Reflection
Reflection was the last activity in cycle 1. In this case, the researcher got the result from the action and observation section. The students
‟ works in action stage and observation sheet were very helpful information. Then, the researcher analyzed
the result. By doing reflection, she could determine which part of the cycle 1 that needed to be revised in cycle 2. Reflection section was also used to know whether
there was improvement of students‟ skill in writing recount text or not.
3.1.3 Cycle 2
