3.5 Instrument for Collecting the Data
In collecting the data, the researcher needed instruments. As stated in Koshy 2005:87, when planning the data collection, all researchers should think in mind
that; 1
there are many ways of gathering data; the researchers have to choose the most suitable method for the task in hand;
2 it is the quality of the data you collect that is more important than the number
of ways the researchers collect data. In this case, the researcher used three instruments to collect the data. They
were tests, observation sheet, and questionnaire.
3.5.1 Test Pre-test and Post-test
According to Brown 2004:3, test is a method to measure a person‟s ability,
knowledge, or performance in a given domain. In this case, the researcher measured their skill in writing recount text. There were two kinds of tests used in
this study. They were pre-test and post-test. Pre-test is a kind of test which is carried out before the researcher gives the treatments to the students. The aim of
delivering pre- test to the students was to know and measure the students‟ basic
writing skill of recount text before they got the treatments. Meanwhile, post-test is a kind of test which is conducted after the students
get the treatments. The purpose of giving them the post-test was to measure the students‟ skill in writing recount text after being taught using PWIM strategy. The
result of both tests was compared to know whether the students‟ writing skill of
recount text improved or not.
3.5.2 Observation sheet
As stated in Burns 2010:62, observation sheet is used in what is sometimes called systematic or structured observation. It uses a coding system or checklist
prepared before the lesson begins. The purpose of doing observation was to collect the data as many as possible about the whole teaching and learning process
which was done by the researcher in the classroom. The observation sheet consisted of two
students‟ categories, there were students‟ with positive behaviour and students with negative behaviour. Each category had some indicators as
described below:
Table 3.1 Categories of Students’ Learning Behaviour
Students with positive behavior Students with negative behaviour
a. Student is paying attention and
giving response to the teacher enthusiastically. asking, giving
response, making notes
b. Student is participating actively
in identifying the pictures. c.
Student is giving positive response
happy, interested
towards Picture Word Inductive Model PWIM strategy.
d. Student can produce recount
text well. a.
Student is NOT paying attention to the teacher and doing
unimportant things talking with friends, dillydallying, etc
b. Student is NOT participating
actively in
identifying the
pictures. c.
Student is giving NEGATIVE response
indifferent, not
interested towards
Picture Word Inductive Model PWIM
strategy. d.
Student cannot produce recount text well.
3.5.3 Questionnaire
Kategori