Field notes consist of two kinds of materials, they are descriptive and reflective. Descriptive field notes are to provide a word-picture of setting, people,
actions, and conversations as observed. The other one, reflective field notes are the parts that capture more of the observer’s mind, ideas, and concerns.
In this research, descriptive field notes are used to record the responses and participation of the seventh grade students of SMP BOPKRI 2 Yogyakarta toward
the actions implemented in the classroom. The format of field notes is as follows:
Meeting : ... Title of Song : …
Activities Students’ Responses
Name of Games : … Activities
Students’ Responses
6. Tests Tests are used to measure the students’ understanding of the material the
students have got. In this research, tests were conducted in the end of every cycle to measure the students’ learning achievement.
E. Data Gathering technique
First step of data gathering was through observation. The writer observed the teaching and learning process in SMP BOPKRI 2 Yogyakarta. The
observation focused on students’ participations during teaching and learning activity. During the observation, the writer could obtain data from observation
checklists. The data gained through observation checklists were in a form of lists of students’ behavior in regard to students’ participation during teaching and
learning process. The next step of data gathering was conducting interview and
questionnaires. The data gained from interview and questionnaires were in a form of recording and written. After experiencing the actions, the students were asked
about their feeling and participation in the English teaching and learning process in Class 7A in SMP BOPKRI 2 Yogyakarta.. The writer also distributed
questionnaires to them in regard to their participation. Then, in order to make the data valid, the writer did a triangulation by comparing the data from the
observations and the data from interview and questionnaires. These steps of data gathering aimed to find out feelings, opinions, hopes,
suggestions, and obstacles of Class 7A students in SMP BOPKRI 2 Yogyakarta in regard to their participation in the English teaching and learning process.
F. Data Analysis Technique
After collecting the data, the writer analyzed the data. The data were analyzed through data triangulation. Elliot 1991 states that data triangulation is a
method which brings several evidences to be compared and contrasted. Data triangulation is an approach to data analysis that synthesizes data from multiple
sources. The data were collected through observation, field notes, interview, and questionnaire. Thus, the writer thinks it is essential to use data triangulation to
check the reliability and validity of the research. Thus, there are two perceptions,
which is students’ perceptions and researcher’s perception. The writer compared and contrasted data gathered from field notes, interview and questionnaires. Then
it came into conclusion.
G. Research Procedure
