42 there are two types of questionnaires, closed and open questionnaire. In open
questionnaire, the participants were free to answer the questions with their own words because there was no option in this type. While in the close questionnaire, the
questions consist of some options which should be chosen by the respondents. In this part, the two types of questionnaire were combined to get the appropriate answer.
2. Instrument for Preliminary Testing
The instrument for preliminary testing was through questionnaire. The researcher distributed the questionnaire to three English teachers of SMA Pangudi
Luhur Yogyakarta and two English lecturers of English Education Study Program of Sanata Dharma University. The questionnaire was distributed to gather the English
teachers’ and lecturers’ opinions and suggestions on the proposed designed materials.
D. Data Gathering Techniques
The techniques to gather the needed data applied for designing the materials were through questionnaire to the tenth grade students of SMA Pangudi Luhur
Yogyakarta and through an interview with the English teacher of SMA Pangudi Luhur Yogyakarta especially who taught speaking in the tenth grade.
The techniques to gather data applied for evaluating the designed materials was through questionnaire to three English teachers of SMA Pangudi Luhur
Yogyakarta and two English lecturers of English Language Education Study Program of Sanata Dharma University about the proposed designed materials in
order to gather opinions and suggestions.
43
Table 3.2 Data Type and Gathering Techniques No Steps
Data Obtained Participants
Instrument
1. Research and
Information gathering
a. The previous speaking
materials used by the teacher
b. Teacher’s technique and
strategies used in class c.
The clarity of stepactivities about the
teaching strategy used by the teacher
d. Students’ participation
and attitude about speaking activity
e. Problems encountered
in teaching speaking The English
teacher of the tenth
grade Interview
a. Students’ perception on
speaking b.
The difficulties in learning speaking
c. Media that the students
expect to be used in speaking class
d. The topics that the
students want to learn in speaking class
Tenth grade students of
SMA Pangudi
Luhur Yogyakarta
Questionnaire
2. Preliminary Testing
a. Teachers’ and
lecturers’ opinion about the proposed designed
materials
• The relevance of the
topic •
The clarity of the objectives
• The variation of the
activities •
The layout •
The clarity of the instruction
• The use of the
pictures b.
Teachers’ and lecturers’ suggestion
about the proposed designed materials
The English teachers of
SMA Pangudi
Luhur Yogyakarta
and two English
lecturers of English
Education Study
Program of Sanata
Dharma University
Questionnaire
44
E. Data Analysis Techniques
In analyzing the data, the researcher conducted some steps: 1.
Transcribed the results of interview and classified the results of the questionnaire. The interview with the English teacher and the questionnaire that is distributed to
the students were transcribed and classified in order to design the product. 2.
Classified the data from the questionnaire and then analyzed it in order to revise the product.
For the closed questionnaire, the judgment of the participants’ statements uses five points of agreement:
Table 3.3 Points of Agreement Points of Agreement
Meaning
1 Absolutely Disagree
2 Disagree 3 Uncertain
4 Agree 5 Absolutely
Agree The researcher used central tendency, which is regarded as the proper way to
conclude the data since it represents the whole set of measurements. Central tendency is measured using mean, median, and mode. The table of central tendency
is presented in the Table 3.4
Table 3.4 The Participants’ Opinions on the Designed Materials Blank
No Participants’ opinion
N Central Tendency
Mn Mdn Md
45 Note: N
: Number of respondents Mn
: Mean the average score of the sources set Mdn : Median middle point occurring in the sources set
Md : Mode the score that occurs most frequently in the sources set
The mean was counted using the calculation below: X =
∑X N
Where X = the range point ∑X = the sum of all scores
N = the number of respondents The mean as the result of the calculation above determined whether it is acceptable
or not based on the criteria on the Table 3.5
Table 3.5 The Criteria of the Mean of the Evaluation Analysis Result Mean The
Criteria
1.00 – 1.99 Replace the rejected part of the design
2.00 – 2.99 Add more or modify part of the design based on the lack
on the statements 3.00 – 3.99
Conduct more exploitation on the existing part of the design based on the statements
4.00 – 4.99 No revision on the content but revise some parts of the
design based on the suggestions on the statements 5.00 No
revision
For the open form questionnaire, the participants gave comments, evaluation, and suggestions on the designed materials. Furthermore, the results were used as the
basis for improving and revising the designed materials into the final version.
46
F. Research Procedure
