Student 2, Student 3, Student 4, and Student 5. The frequency of appearance of types of slips of the tongue
would
be presented in Table 4.2
Table 4.2 Types of Slip of the Tongue’s Appearance No
Types of Slip of the Tongue Frequency
1. Anticipation
3 2.
Perseveration 3
3. Exchange
1 4.
Blend
6
5. Substitution
41 6.
Addition 14
7. Deletion
35
Total
103
4.2.1 Anticipation
Anticipations occured when a later segment took the place of an earlier one. In this analysis, there were 4 anticipations. In the list below, the data were presented in
brief explanation. 1
Semarang village begame… became bigger and bigger and finally Sultan
Hadiwijoyo, the king of Pajang was legitimated Semarang village became Semarang regency
S ǝmɑrɑŋ ˈvɪlɪdӡ bɪgeɪm… bɪkeɪm bɪgger ǝn bɪgger ǝn ˈfaɪnǝlɪ Sultan
Hadiwijoyo, ð ǝ kɪŋ ǝv Pajang wǝz lɪˈdӡɪtɪmǝted Semarang ˈvɪlɪdӡ bɪkeɪm
S ǝmɑrɑŋ ˈri:dӡǝnsɪ
In these utterances, the speaker pronounced the word “begame” [b ɪgeɪm] in his
utterances. It should be pronounced “became”, it could be proved because of
there was a repairing process from the speaker. The error happened because the student is under stress when he do the examination. The error also happened
because both the sound k and g were included into plosive or stop consonant
which the air meets with a complete stoppage or complete obstruction
somewhere in the mouth. Also the next word after the word “became” was the word “bigger”, so it affected the speaker to change the sound k into g.
2 Three pain part that is wilah
ri: pein pɒ:t ðæt ɪz wilah Based on the utterance, the speaker made an error. He pronounced the word
“pain” [pein] that made the utterance meaningless. The speaker should pronounce the word “main” [mein]- “most important”. The speaker made this
error because the next word after the word “pain” [pein] was the word “part” [p
ɒ:t], so it affected the speaker to pronounce the sound p. The sound m was
included into nasal consonant which the air goes out through the nose, whereas
the sound p was into plosive or stop consonant which the air meets with a
complete stoppage or complete obstruction somewhere in the mouth. In this case, the phonological process was changed, from nasal into plosive consonant.
3 It is called keris wala.. kalawija
ɪt ɪz kͻ:ld kǝri:s wΛlΛ.. .kΛlΛwijΛ
Based on utterance above, it could be seen that the speaker, in this case the
second participant Student 2 should pronounce the word “kalawija” [
kΛlΛwijΛ]. But, in fact at the first time the speaker pronounced that word “wala” [
wΛlΛ.]. It happened because the speaker was affected the sound w in the word kalawija [
kΛlΛwijΛ]. The sound w in the word “kalawija” [
kΛlΛwijΛ] replaced the sound k in the previous word “wala” [wΛlΛ.]. In this
case, the phonological process was changed, from plosive into glide semi vowel consonant. As it was discussed in the previous, the sound k was
plosive consonant, whereas the sound w was semi vowel consonant which the speech sounds on the border line between vowels and consonants. The
sound w in the word “wala” [ wΛlΛ] occurred because there is a lesser degree
of lip-rounding and raising of the tongue when an opener vowel follows.
4.2.2 Perseveration
