Based from the example, there is an exchanging between two sounds; there are n and m. The speaker utters “Fancy getting your model
renosed [Fens ɪ geting ju:r mɒdl rɪnǝʊzd]”. It should be said “Fancy
getting your nose remodeled [Fens ɪ getting ju:r nǝʊz rɪˈmɒdled]”.
2.3.3.4 Blends Haplologies
Blends the speaker leaves out a short stretch of speech Taylor, 1990: 103. Blends apparently occur when more than one word is being considered and the
two intended items “fuse” or “blend” into a single item Carroll, 1999: 194 For examples
- Fried [fra
ɪd] + potatoes [pǝˈteɪtǝʊs] becomes fries [fraɪs]
- Post [p
ǝʊst] + Toasties [tǝʊstis] becomes Posties [pǝʊstis]
We can see from the examples of blends haplologies above, two words are combining into a single word. At the first one the speaker is combining the
word “fried”[fra ɪd] with the word “potatoes”[ pǝˈteɪtǝʊs] become the word
“fries” . The second one is combining process of the word “post “[p ǝʊst] and
the word “toasties” [t
ǝʊstis] become into the word “posties”[ pǝʊstis] .
2.3.3.5 Shift
According to Fromkin in Carroll 1999: 194 in shift, one speech segment disappears from its appropriate location and appears somewhere else.
According to Fromkin 1973 in Clark, 1977: 274 misderivations is the speaker somehow attaches the wrong suffix or prefix to the word.
For example: -
That’s so she’ll be ready in case she decides [d ɪˈsaɪds] to hit [hɪt]
it becomes that’s so she’ll be ready in case she decide [d ɪˈsaɪd] to
hits [h ɪts] it.
Based on the first example, it can be seen that the word hit [h ɪt] there is
the addition of the suffix -s. The addition of the suffix -s is not in the proper place because after the infinitive to always follows the original verb. Suffix -s
is supposed to be added to the word decide [d ɪˈsaɪd].
- Unbelievable
[ ˎΛnbɪˈli:vǝbl]
becomes misbelievable
[m ɪsbɪˈli:vǝbl]
Different with the case at first example, in the second example is the addition of affix is not appropriate. The appropriate affix that is used to the
word believe[b ɪˈli:vǝbl] is the prefix un [Λn] so the word become into
“unbelievable” [Λnbɪˈli:vǝbl]. If the word believe in the add affix mis [mɪs]
become “misbelievable” [m ɪsbɪˈli:vǝbl] and will make it a meaningless word.
For example: -
I haven’t sat [sæt] down and written [
ˈrɪtn] it becomes I heven’t satten [sætn] down and writ [ra
ɪt] it
- I had forgotten [f
ǝˈgɒtn] about [ǝˈbaʊt] it becomes I had forgot [f
ǝˈgɒt] aboutten [ǝˈbaʊtn] it
- He pointed [p
ͻɪntet] out that….becomes He point outed [aʊtet] that….
There is Morphological errors only lexemes which is called Morpheme shift.
2.3.3.6 Substitutions
