Based on utterance above, it could be seen that the speaker, in this case the
second participant Student 2 should pronounce the word “kalawija” [
kΛlΛwijΛ]. But, in fact at the first time the speaker pronounced that word “wala” [
wΛlΛ.]. It happened because the speaker was affected the sound w in the word kalawija [
kΛlΛwijΛ]. The sound w in the word “kalawija” [
kΛlΛwijΛ] replaced the sound k in the previous word “wala” [wΛlΛ.]. In this
case, the phonological process was changed, from plosive into glide semi vowel consonant. As it was discussed in the previous, the sound k was
plosive consonant, whereas the sound w was semi vowel consonant which the speech sounds on the border line between vowels and consonants. The
sound w in the word “wala” [ wΛlΛ] occurred because there is a lesser degree
of lip-rounding and raising of the tongue when an opener vowel follows.
4.2.2 Perseveration
Perseverations occurred when an earlier segment replaced a later item. In this analysis, there were 3 perseverations. In the list below, the data were presented in
brief explanation. 1
Before we arrive to Soegiyapratoto Street, let me explain about Tugu Muda
because we will see Tugu Muda next b
ɪˈfͻ:r wi: ǝˈraɪv tu: Soegiyapratoto stri:t, let mi: ɪkˈspleɪn ǝˈbaʊt Tugu Muda
b ɪˈkɒz wi: wɪl si: Tugu Muda nekst
Based on utterance above, it could be seen that the speaker, in this case the first
participant Student 1 pronounced the word “Soegiyapratoto” incorrectly. It should be pronounced “Soegiyapranoto”, because the next word after the word
“Soegiyapranoto” is the sound “to”, so it affected the speaker to change the sound n became t. The sound n was included into nasal consonant which
the air goes out through the nose, whereas the sound t was into plosive or stop
consonant which the air meets with a complete stoppage or complete obstruction somewhere in the mouth. In this case, the phonological process was
changed, from nasal into plosive consonant. 2
In the other hoom, there is room for execute the prisoner with cut their head off ɪn ði: ˈΛðǝ r ˈhu:m, ðǝr ɪz ˈru:m fͻ:r ˈeksɪkju:t ðǝ ˈprɪzeɪnǝr wɪð kΛt
ðear hed
ͻ:f
Based on the utterance above, the second participant Student 2 pronounced
the word “hoom” [ ˈhu:m] in his utterances. He was influenced by sound h
from the earlier word, which was the word “other” [ ˈΛðǝ r]. He should
pronounced that word became “room” [ ˈru:m] because in the next utterance he
gave further explanation about the function of the word. In this case, the sound
r and h were fricative consonant. The sound r was a voiced postalveolar
fricative which the vocal cords were made to vibrate and the lips were a bit rounded. Whereas, the sound h was a voiceless glottal fricative which the
vocal cords were not made to vibrate.
3 This is gebruk … better than Jep.. jhan Kudus city
ð ɪs ɪz gebruk… ˈbetǝr ðæn Jep.. jǝn Kudus sɪtɪ
Based on the utterance above, the speaker, in this case the fifth participant
Student 5 pronounced the word “jhan” [d ӡǝn] in her utterances. Actually, she
intended to pronounce the word “than” [ð ǝn]- “Used for introducing the
second part of comparison”. It happened because she was influenced by sound
d ӡ from the earlier word, which is the word “Jep” that caused her make an
error in that utterance. The sound d ӡ was included into voiced palate-alveolar
affricative which the vocal cords were in vibration. The sound ð was a voiced
dental fricative which the vocal cords were in vibration too. The tip of the tongue was put very close to the upper teeth.
4.2.3 Exchange
