2.6 Preposition
Preposition constitutes a closed word class, and are formally invariable. We distinguish it as simple one word and complex multi-word prepositions. A
preposition is a word that connects noun or noun equivalent, with some other words in a sentence by meaning a relation between the things, qualities or actions,
which these word represent. In Oxford dictionary preposition defines as word, e.g. in, from or to, used before a noun or pronoun to show place, position, time or
method.
2.6.1 The Types of Preposition
According to Aart and Aart 1982: 44, on general there are two kinds of preposition: simple and complex [multi-word].
Examples:
Simple Complex
at in
according to in front of
before Of
as to in spite of
between on because of
in term of by
since by equals of on account of
despite until
by virtue of on behalf of
during up
in accordance with out of from
with in addition to
with regard to
2.6.2 The Meaning of Preposition
A preposition shows a relation between two entities that are one being that is represented by the prepositional complement. Among the various
types of relational meanings, place and time are the most prominent and easy to identify rather than other relationships.
Soenardji and Pribadi in Winaryo 2008:17-18 classified preposition based on its meaning into two kinds: preposition of time and preposition of
place. There are three categories for preposition of time: 1.
One point of time: on, at, in. 2.
Extended time: since, by, from, during. 3.
Sequence of time: before, after. There are two groups of preposition of place:
1. Preposition of position:
a. The point itself: in, inside, on, at.
b. Higher than the point: over, above.
c. Lower than the point: under, below.
d. Neighboring the point: near, next, to, between.
2. Preposition of direction:
a. Move to the point: to.
b. Leaves the point: from.
c. Move to the point, but is not the point as its point: towards.
d. Separate from the point, but is not starting from that point: away
from. e.
Enter to the point: into. f.
Move from the point: out of. g.
Move higher than the point: up. h.
Move lower than the point: down. i.
Rotate the point: around.
j. Penetrate the point: through.
k. Move over the point: past, by.
l. Move as long as the point: as far as, up to.
2.7 Adverb
Kategori