Meaning REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 1 Semantics

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2.2 Meaning

Language is close with meaning. It is dynamic and always developed; it means meaning is developed, too. Meaning is a thing that can understand. When someone understands and coherence about something is called meaning. In language, when speaker talking to the hearer, thing which is received by hearer is meaning of words or language what speaker say. Hearer receives and understands what the speaker talking about, that is thing which is called meaning. If someone mention word “horse”, certainly we can imagine figure of a horse. Kottler, Barnet and Light, Martin. 1967. On their book The world of Words. Say, Fundamental to an understanding of language is recognition of change. Language must constantly renew itself. Because the educated man must know the tradition of his civilization, he should review the history of words and their changes. Thomas W. Stewart,Jr. and Nathan Vaillete 2001 on their book Language Files; Materials for an Introduction to Language and Linguistics. Say, In order to understand what meaning in language is, it is important to realize that it is a multifaceted phenomenon; different aspects of meaning need to be explained in different ways, so they are studied differently and are governed by different theories. Meaning has concept in specific science, which is in linguistics. In linguistics, meaning is something what the source or sender expresses, communicates, or conveys in their message to the observer or receiver, and what the receiver infers from the current context. Linguists and philosopher try to explain three things about meaning. i Explain meaning scientifically. ii 14 Describe sentence scientifically. iii Explain the meaning in communication process Kempson, 1977:11 In Kempson opinion, he explains three aspects that can find in meaning: 1. Word 2. Sentence 3. What the speaker need to communicate. People can open dictionary to get the meaning of a word; however, it is not possible to forever if people always open the dictionary to get meaning of word that they can understand. And it is not a must someone has to open the dictionary to communicate. In daily life of human, it is difficult for people to apply meaning that is in dictionary, because meaning of a word in a sentence often moves. In the other word, sometimes a word has wide meaning. This thing can be find if someone be faced with idiom, figure of language, metaphor, and trope.

2.3 Figurative Language