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Micro Structure
Micro Structure is a discourse which can be observed by analyzing a word, a sentence, a proposition and a paraphrase which are used.
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Semantic, syntaxes, stylistic and rhetoric are included into micro structure. For example:
Rhetoric as one of the objects of this element, focus on the question “How and what is the way the pressure is done?” Let check it out on the table below.
Based on the table, mostly elements are included into micro structure, because the objects mostly focus on the linguistic study.
Teun Van Dijk’s Discourse Elements
There are six elements of discourse that a sequence of sentences must meet in order to qualify as a discourse, such as thematic, schematic, semantic,
syntaxes, stylistic and rhetoric.
a. Thematic
Theme is something which has been elaborated or something which
has been replaced. A word theme sometimes is closed to a word topic. Teun
Van Dijk defines a topic as a macro structure from a discourse. From theme or topic, the listener or the reader can know the problem and the action which is
taken by a communicator in overcoming the problem.
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Teun Van Dijk, op. cit, p.74
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b. Schematic
Schematic is a structure which describes a general form of text. Schematic is the most important element. It is a strategy of a communicator
for the purpose of hiding the important information. Schematic is classified into super structure
c. Semantic
Semantic is one of linguistics branches dealing with the meaning of words and sentences. The most important thing in discourse analysis is the
meaning which is pointed by text structure. Semantic is classified into micro structure.
d. Syntaxes
Syntax is a part of the linguistic branch which talks about a discourse, a sentence, a clause and a phrase. It is includes micro structure which concern
on the setting, detail, meaning and pre assumption. Syntaxes is classified into micro structure.
e. Stylistic
Stylistic is a method of textual interpretation in which primacy of lace is assigned to language. Stylistic is the style the way which is used by a
communicator or a writer in stating the aims by using a language as facilitation. Stylistic is classified into micro structure.
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Sumarlam, dkk, op. cit, pp. 75-82
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f. Rhetoric
Rhetoric is a style which is expressed when someone is talking or writing by using an artificial or a hyperbolic word. Basically, rhetoric and
stylistic almost similar, both of them talks about the style. Stylistic is the style the way which is used by a communicator or a writer in stating the aims by
using a language as facilitation. Stylistic talks about kinds of the dictions, while rhetoric is more focus on using the style for emphasizing a certain part
in delivering speech. Rhetoric is classified into micro structure. The writer limits herself in discussing three kinds of rhetoric styles.
They are hyperbole, repetition and irony on the speeches Presidential Nomination Acceptance Speech
, by Adlai Stevenson; Liberty or Death, by Patrick Henry; and In favor of the Federal Constitution, by James Madison.
In Teun Van Dijk’s perception, every kind of texts can be analyzed by using the elements. Even though the structure consists of many elements, but
those elements are unions which are related and supported each other, as in table below see page 13.
D. Rhetoric 1.
