25 From the explanation above, it shows that the meaning of
question-tag is depend on the intonation. If the intonation is rising, it means the speaker confirm the information because she is not sure it is correct and
if the intonation is falling, it means the speaker ask for confirmation from listener the speaker expect the listener to agree.
4. Difficulties in learning Question Tags
There are a few special difficulties with question-tags: a
Usually students answer amn’t I in sentence subject I am, because they don’t know the rules..
Example : I’m late, aren’t I?
b Many students still confuse to choose the appropriate tag in imperative
sentence. Will you? Is used in question-tags after imperatives.
Example: Don’t be late, will you?
c Many students still confuse to determine the appropriate tag in request
sentence. Example:
Let’s go, shall we? d
Many students still confuse to determine the appropriate tag in sentence
consist of the exception rules. Such as there can be used as a subject in questions-tags, sentences containing negative words like nothing,
nobody is following by affirmative question-tags and Somebody, someone, everybody and everyone are also often followed by tags with
they.
Example: There
’s something wrong, isn’t there? Nothing can stop us now, can it?
Somebody borrowed my book yesterday, didn’t they?
From the explanation above, the writer summarize that the students still confuse about what tense, verb or pronoun is used in
question-tag.
26
CHAPTER III THE IMPLEMENTATION OF RESEARCH
In this chapter, the writer discusses the framework related to the methodology in analyzing the problems of the study. This chapter includes
the discussion on research methodology source of data, objective of study, method of study, place and time, population and sample, technique of data
collecting, and instrument of research, research findings data collection, and technique of data analysis, data analysis and data interpretation.
A. Research Methodology
1. Source of data
According to Arikunto 2002:107 data source is a subject where data can be obtained.
2
The writer then classified data source into three categories. They are symbolized with a letter “P” which
refers to a person, place, and paper. First, person is the data source, which can give data in the difficulties learning English and especially
question tags faced by students through an interview. Second, place is the data source which can give presentation like state equipment,
2
Suharsimi Arikunto, Prosedur Penelitian, Yogyakarta: PT Rineka Cipta, 2002,p.107
room,etc or move activity students, teaching and learning process, etc, and the last is paper, it is the data source which can give data
about the most difficulties in learning question tags faced by students.
In this research, the source of the data is some difficulties in learning question-tags faced by second grade of State Junior High
School 4 Kota Tangerang Selatan..
2. Method of Study
In conducting her study, the writer used field research supported by library study. The writer did the library study to gain the data such as
definition and ideas from experts. By doing this way, the writer can read many references book which are related to the topic. She also
browsed internet and visited some libraries such as FITK library, UIN library, National library, and Unika Atmajaya library. Meanwhile, in
the field research the writer did the observation directly to the school. In this case, the writer gave the test to the student about the topic would be
studied and interviewed students to get some data.
3. Place and time
As stated in chapter one on the method of study, the writer carried out a field research. In the field research, it took place at State
Junior High School 4 Kota Tangerang Selatan which is located on Jl.Pamulang Permai Barat II Komp.Pamulang Permai I, Pamulang,
City South Tangerang - Banten, Indonesia. The research was carried on October 2011. The writer began by
coming to State Junior High School 4 Kota Tangerang Selatan and asking permission to Principal and English teacher then observing the
learning nad teaching activity in 10
th
of October 2011. And then on 17
th
of October 2011, she gave a test about question tags and 18
th
of October 2011 she interviewed students about the difficulties in
learning question tags.
4. Population and sample
The population of the study is the students of second year of State Junior High School 4 Kota Tangerang Selatan. They consists of
nine of classes, each of them consists of 30 students. Therefore, there are 270 students in number.
The writer did not take the total population as sample. She only took one class VIII-9 which has 30 students. The sample is taken by
using purposive sampling technique, the determining of class that will be studied based on the policy and ease from the school.
5. Technique of data collecting
There are three techniques of collecting data, the writer uses test, interview and document.
a. Test
Test is a technique in collecting data to find out and identify the student’s difficulty in learning question-tags.
b. Interview
This technique is used to supplement the data needed which are not covered by technique previously. The writer asked some question
to the students, to know the process of teaching and learning in class and to reinforce the analysis and to find out the reasons why
the students faced the difficulties in learning question-tags. This technique was used to interview students of class VIII-9 of State
Junior High School 4 Kota Tangerang Selatan. c.
Document It is used to know the accurate data about location, profile of
school and population where the research is carry out.
6. Instrument of research
The writer uses a written test as the instrument for collecting the data. For the test the writer gave selected item from the grammar
