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CHAPTER III METHOD OF RESEARCH
3.1 Research Design
The writer will use qualitative method in doing this analysis. Qualitative procedures provide a means of accesing unquantifiable facts about the actual people
reserachers observe and talk or people represented by their personal traces such as letters, photographs, newspaper accounts, diaries, and so on. As result, qualitative
technique allow researches to share in the understandings and perceptions of others and to explore how people structure and give meaning to their daily lives.
Researchers using qualitative techniques examine how people learn about and make sense of themselves and others.
3.2 Data and Data Source
The data source of this thesis is the victory speech of Obama in 2012. The data are speech by “Barack Obama” in English that is in the form sentences. The
source of this speech taken from internet. The text got from google and the video from Youtube http:www.youtube.comwatch?v=nv9NwKAjmt0. The theory
which will be used in this analysis is Peccei’s theory which included representatives, declaratives, commisives, expressives, and directives.
3.3 Data Collecting Method
Data collecting method used in this study is reviewing a document by some steps that are:
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1. Collecting the data: by picking out all the sentences of the speech.
2. Transcribing to classifiying the data.
3. Classifying the data: classifying the important data based on the scope of the
analysis. 4.
Identifying the data: characterizing the utterance based on which belong to one of the categories of illocutionary act.
5. Describe the data: making a description of the final result of the research in
the form of numbers and tables. 6.
Conclusion the data: making a conclusion of the final result of the research.
3.4 Data Analysis
Data analysis can be defined from Huberman and Miles 1994 as consiting of three concurrent flows of action: data reduction, data display, and conclusions and
verification.
3.4.1 Data Reduction
Qualitative data need to be reduced and transformed in order to make them more readily accessible, understandable, and to draw out various themes and
patterns. Data reduction acknowledges the voluminous nature of qualitative data in the raw. It directs attention to the need for focusing, simplifying, and transforming
raw data into a more manageable form. This data reduction and transformation process occurs throughout the span of the reserach.
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In this speech, there are some words do not part of classification of illocution and direct and indirect speech acts which the writer analyze. So, the process of
reduction is removing the some words which unnecessary in this analysis.
3.4.2 Data Display
The notion of data display is inteded to convey the idea that data are presented as an organized, compressed assembly of information that permits
conclusions to be analytically drawn. Displays may involve tables of data; tally sheets of themes; summaries or proportions of various statements, phrases, or terms;
and similarly reduced and transformed groupings of data. These displays assist the researcher in understanding and observing certain patterns in the data or determining
what additional analysis or actions must be taken. As with the activity of data reduction, the development of displays is not really a separate step but rather a
component of the analysis process. After the writer did the reduction process in this speech, the data display will
show the data which will be analyzed to get the conclusion.
3.4.3 Conclusion and Verification
The last analysis activity will discuss is conclusion drawing and verification. Throughout the reserach process, the investigator has been making various informed
evaluations and decisions about the study and the data.
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The data in this analysis will be analyzed one by one by Searle’s speech acts theory and adding with rogatives classification which found in Peccei as basic to get
the conclusion of the problems of this analysis.
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CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
4.1 The Category of Illocutionary Acts
There are many utterances found in the speech of Barack Obama in his victory speech in 2012. The category of illocutionary acts in Victory Speech of
Barack Obama is discussed as follows: 1. Representatives.
Representatives are those kinds of speech acts that commit the speaker to the truth of the expressed proposition and thus carry a truth-value. Some
utterances that represent representive illocutionary acts in this speech:
Asserting
1. Thats what makes America great.
81
Obama assert that America great country. He states a fact after he shows some proof in the previous sentence about university, military, and wealt
than any nation. He says that with confidently and forcefully. 2. Thats where we need to go – forward.
54
Obama asserts that the American people need to move forward. It is assert because he state confidentely and forcefully.
3. Its important.
39
Obama asserts about election. After he tells facts of politics and election, he states confidently.
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4. Thats why elections matter.
37
Obama asserts that the election is important. Election is one part of politics. Obama state election and politics confidently and forcefully.
5. Thats who we are.
90
Obama asserts that they are had bond each other with forcefully after show about girl who suffer leukemia..
6. Weve got more work to do.
72
Obama asserts that they have more work to do for their action for future in America.
7. Thats what politics can be.
36
Obama asserts about what politic can be. After tell the fact and support his people, Obama state that confidentely and forcefully.
Claiming
1. We are greater than the sum of our individual ambitions and we remain
more than a collection of red states and blue states.
103
Obama claims that the American people would become great on their individual ambitions and they are part of the blue states and red states. He
doesn’t show a proof in this speech. 2. We may have battled fiercely, but its only because we love this country
deeply and we care so strongly about its future.
11
Obama claims that his people love and care about the future of USA but he doesn’t show the proof in this speech.
3. Now, we will disagree, sometimes fiercely, about how to get there.
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Obama claims that each of them will not agree on how each of them got it. By saying “sometime” and he doesn’t show why they will disagree in
this speech. 4. I know that political campaigns can sometimes seem small, even silly.
29
Obama claims that political campaigns small, even silly. By saying “sometime seem” and he doesn’t show about the proof of the political
small, even silly in this speech. 5. Our economy is recovering.
62
Obama claims that their economy is recovering but he doesn’t show proof about economy in this speech.
Predicting
1. But if you ever get the chance to talk to folks who turned out at our rallies
and crowded along a rope line in a high school gym or – or saw folks working late at a campaign office in some tiny county far away from
home, youll discover something else.
31
Obama predicts that if people ever speak to folks working late in campaign office so they will find something else and different. Obama
estimates what will happen to his people after they talk to folks working and predict about politics.
2. Youll hear the pride in the voice of a volunteer whos going door to door because her brother was finally hired when the local auto plant added
another shift.
33
Obama predicts that people will hear the pride a person has got the job.
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3. Youll hear the determination in the voice of a young field organizer whos working his way through college and wants to make sure every
child has that same opportunity.
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Obama predicts that they would hear the organization work through college and ensure their children have the same opportunity in
employment. 4. Youll hear the deep patriotism in the voice of a military spouse whos
working the phones late at night to make sure that no one who fights for this country ever has to fight for a job or a roof over their head when they
come home.
34
Obama predicts that they would hear the patriotism of military. 5. And you will have the lifelong appreciation of a grateful president.
26
Obama predicts that he was grateful to be president of the U.S and he will feel that all his life. He estimate what will happen in the future about his
people. 6. As it has for more than two centuries, progress will come in fits and
starts.
57
Obama Obama predicts that after two centuries the progress will start to be created.
7. No matter what you do or where you go from here, you will carry the memory of the history we made together.
25
Obama predicts that his campaign team and volunteers will carry the memory of the history when they made together with Obama. He
estimates what will happen in the future about his people.
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8. And together, with your help and Gods grace, we will continue our journey forward and remind the world just why it is that we live in the
greatest nation on earth.
105
Obama predicts that he and his people went on ahead each of them live in the greatest in the world.
Affirming
1. And when we go through tough times, when we make big decisions as a
country, it necessarily stirs passions, stirs up controversy.
43
Obama affirms that when they pass time difficult then they will make a big decision as the people of a country. It is a affirms because he support
his people to make their decision for the USA. 2.
And tonight, despite all the hardship weve been through, despite all the frustrations of Washington, Ive never been more hopeful about our
future.
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Obama affirms that he will continue to hope about their future despite many difficulties experienced.
3. Thats the vision we share.
53
Obama affirms to his people about vision that they are must be share. After saying about hope and believing in previous sentences, obama
declare a fact to support his people about vision of the USA. 4. It moves forward because of you.
5
Obama affirms that his people who moves forward about their destiny in America. By saying “you” which show to his people, Obama tells a fact
for support his people.
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5. Thats why we do this.
35
Obama affirms that the reasons why they do politics. After show the fact and predict about future in previous sentence Obama support his people to
do politics. 6. But that common bond is where we must begin.
61
Obama affirms his people that they must begin. After saying facts about his refuses, he supports his people by saying “we must begin”.
7. And whether I earned your vote or not, I have listened to you.
65
Obama affirms that he was listening to the people even if the people voted for him or not. By saying “I have listening to you”, he gives support to his
people about the vote. 8. To the best campaign team and volunteers in the history of politics– the
best – the best ever – some of you were new this time around, and some of you have been at my side since the very beginning.
23
Obama affirms his campaign team and volunteers are the best in the history. He declare fact about his campaign team and give support to them
by saying they are “the best ever”.
Explaining
1. It moves forward because you reaffirmed the spirit that has triumphed over war and depression, the spirit that has lifted this country from the
depths of despair to the great heights of hope, the belief that while each of us will pursue our own individual dreams, we are an American family,
and we rise or fall together as one nation and as one people.
6
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Obama explains that the spirit, hopes and beliefs that led to the American people get the progress in the United States. After support his people in
previous sentence, Obama explains about some proof that have done by them to move America forward .
2. These arguments we have are a mark of our liberty, and we can never forget that as we speak, people in distant nations are risking their lives
right now just for a chance to argue about the issues that matter the chance to cast their ballots like we did today.
46
Obama explains that their argument is a sign of their freedom. Obama also describes about the people in other countries who fought so that their
arguments be heard as the American people do when it. It is a explain because he describe more detail about something with give reason.
3. It doesnt matter whether youre black or white or Hispanic or Asian or Native American or young or old or rich or poor, abled, disabled, gay or
straight.
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Obama explains the suject as varied as having black or white skin, hispanic or asian or native american, rich, poor, able, disable and other.
Obama describe more detail about various people in America. 4. What makes America exceptional are the bonds that hold together the
most diverse nation on Earth, the belief that our destiny is shared that this country only works when we accept certain obligations to one another and
to future generations, so that the freedom which so many Americans have fought for and died for come with responsibilities as well as rights, and
among those are love and charity and duty and patriotism.
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Obama explains that bond, belief, freedom and the things that happen in the United States conducted by the American people made a tremendous.
Retelling
1. Thats where we need to go.
55
Obama retells that American must go forward from previous sentence. 3. And it shouldnt.
45
Obama retells his statement from previous sentence. 4. Thank you.
2
Obama retells to thanks the audience. He repeats again to said “thank you” from first sentence.
5. Thank you so much.
3
Obama retells to thanks the audience. It is twice repeting after he says thank you for two times and he add “so much” to express that he really
thanking to audience. 6. Each of us has deeply held beliefs.
42
Obama retells about democracy and politics which each of their belief.
Informing
1. Tonight, more than 200 years after a former colony won the right to
determine its own destiny, the task of perfecting our union moves forward.
4
Obama informs that in antiquity there were colonies that won the right to choose own destiny, and today is the duty of the people to make it more
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advanced. Obama gives information to audience about what happened in America 200 years ago.
2. And with your stories and your struggles, I return to the White House
more determined and more inspired than ever about the work there is to do and the future that lies ahead.
68
Obama informs that he returned to the White House with more inspired about the future of its people thanks to the struggle of its people.
3. Ive seen it in the family business whose owners would rather cut their
own pay than lay off their neighbors and in the workers who would rather cut back their hours than see a friend lose a job.
83
Obama informs that he had seen such sacrifices in the family business work better and cut his salary workers who cut his working hours.
4. Ive seen it in the soldiers who re-enlist after losing a limb and in those
Seals who charged up the stairs into darkness and danger because they knew there was a buddy behind them watching their back.
84
Obama informs that he had seen about soldiers returning to a dangerous place, knowing there is someone who expects him back and help him.
5. Ive seen it on the shores of New Jersey and New York, where leaders
from every party and level of government have swept aside their differences to help a community rebuild from the wreckage of a terrible
storm.
85
Obama informs that he had seen the leaders along the beach to help the community to clean up storm debris and put aside their differences.
6. And I saw it just the other day in Mentor, Ohio, where a father told the
story of his eight-year-old daughter whose long battle with leukemia
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nearly cost their family everything had it not been for healthcare reform passing just a few months before the insurance company was about to
stop paying for her care.
86
Obama informs that in Ohio he saw a father who told him about his eight years old daughter suffer leukemia and insurance company stop to pay
for her treatment after a few months financing. 7.
I had an opportunity to not just talk to the father but meet this incredible daughter of his.
87
Obama informs that he was not just talking to her father but also her son who suffer leukemia.
8. Thats the principle we were founded on.
76
Obama informs about why their principle that they find. 9. And when he spoke to the crowd, listening to that fathers story, every
parent in that room had tears in their eyes because we knew that little girl could be our own.
88
Obama informs of the events where he visited a father whose daughters suffer leukimia and many people cries after heard that. He inform about
something. 10. Tonight, in this election, you, the American people, reminded us that
while our road has been hard, while our journey has been long, we have picked ourselves up, we have fought our way back, and we know in our
hearts that for the United States of America, the best is yet to come.
7
Obama informs that the best is yet to come for USA although they have struggled through a long journey.
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11. From George to Lenore to their son Mitt, the Romney family has chosen to give back to America through public service.
12
Obama informs about Romney family chosen too in America’s election. 12. And that provides plenty of fodder for the cynics who tell us that politics
is nothing more than a contest of egos or the domain of special interests.
30
Obama informs that there are provides plenty of fodder who cynical that politics is an ego contest and special interests. He informs to his people
about cynicism in politics. 13. We have our own opinions.
41
Obama informs that everybody has their own opinions. Obama give information to his people and to show the proof of democracy.
Concluding
1. Americas never been about what can be done for us; its about what can be done by us together, through the hard and frustrating but necessary
work of self-government.
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Obama concludes that America is not about what has been done people tersediri but together and through hard work.
2. Whether you voted for the very first time or waited in line for a very long time by the way, we have to fix that, whether you pounded the pavement
or picked up the phone, whether you held an Obama sign or a Romney sign, you made your voice heard and you made a difference.
9
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Obama concludes about the things that made people in voting. It is a conclude because Obama bring something to an end that the voice made a
difference.
Stating
1. And I wouldnt be the man I am today without the woman who agreed to
marry me 20 years ago.
16
Obama states that he would not be what it is today without the woman who has been married for twenty years. He expresses about his feeling to
his wife definetely. 2.
Michelle, I have never loved you more.
18
Obama states that he loved his wife. It is a state because he expresses his feeling definitely and clearly.
3. Democracy in a nation of 300 million can be noisy and messy and complicated.
40
Obama states states that democracy noisy, messy, and complicated. Obama express his feeling about democracy with 300 million people.
4. I have never been more hopeful about America.
93
Obama states he never expects more about America. he express his feeling about America.
2. Directives.
Directives are those kinds of speech acts that represent attempts by the speaker to get the addressee to do something. Some utterances that represent
directives illocutionary acts in this speech:
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Suggesting
1. You can make it here in America if youre willing to try.
101
Obama suggests doing so in the United States if each of them wants to try. He put an idea to his people.
Requesting
1. But I will say that, for now, one dogs probably enough.
22
Obama requests that having a dog is enough to his family. Obama act politely to just has one dog for now.
2. Let me say this publicly.
17
Obama requests to states something in general. It is a request because he ask to audience politely.
3. And I ask you to sustain that hope.
94
Obama requests to the people to maintain their hopes.
Inviting
1. In the weeks ahead, I also look forward to sitting down with Governor
Romney to talk about where we can work together to move this country forward.
14
Obama invites to the governor Romney to sit together in order to work with Obama to make America a more advanced. It is a invite because
Obama request to Governor Romney.
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3. Commisives
Commisives are those kinds of speech acts that commit the speaker to some future course of action. Some utterances that represent directives
illocutionary acts in this speech:
Hoping
1.
We want our kids to grow up in a country where they have access to the best schools and the best teachers a country that lives up to its legacy as
the global leader in technology and discovery and innovation with all of the good jobs and new businesses that follow.
48
Obama hopes that the children in America grow in the shade of the school and the best teacher, a leader and innovate in their work. Obama hopes
that by saying “want”.
2.
We want our children to live in an America that isnt burdened by debt, that isnt weakened up by inequality, that isnt threatened by the
destructive power of a warming planet.
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Obama hopes that each of them children is not burdened with debt, equity and not gets threatened by global warming. Obama hopes that by saying
“want”.
3.
We want to pass on a country thats safe and respected and admired around the world, a nation that is defended by the strongest military on
Earth and the best troops this – this world has ever known but also a country that moves with confidence beyond this time of war to shape a
peace that is built on the promise of freedom and dignity for every human being.
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Obama hopes that the country would be a safe country and admired other countries, countries that have military defense of the strongest in the
world, and countries that build peace on an agreement that respects
freedom and human dignity.
4.
Thats the – that’s the future we hope for.
52
Obama hopes about the future of America..
5.
I am hopeful tonight because I have seen this spirit at work in America.
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Obama hopes he saw the spirit in every workplace in America. 6. And in the coming weeks and months, I am looking forward to reaching
out and working with leaders of both parties to meet the challenges we can only solve together – reducing our deficit, reforming our tax code,
fixing our immigration system, freeing ourselves from foreign oil.
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Obama hope that they have a lot of work to be done such as reducing our deficit, reforming our tax code, fixing our immigration system, freeing us
from foreign oil. He demand something happen about America. 7. But despite all our differences, most of us share certain hopes for
Americas future.
47
Obama hopes future of America although their country has differences.
Refusing
1. Im not talking about the wishful idealism that allows us to just sit on the
sidelines or shirk from a fight.
96
Obama refuses that she spoke of wishful idealism. 2.
This country has more wealth than any nation, but thats not what makes us rich.
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Obama refuses their people rich because their nation wealth. 3.
Im not talking about blind optimism, the kind of hope that just ignores the enormity of the tasks ahead or the road blocks that stand in our path.
95
Obama refuses that he was optimistic that kind of blind hope that just ignores the enormity of the task ahead.
4. Our university, our culture are all the envy of the world, but thats not
what keeps the world coming to our shores. Obama refuses that the world came to their shores because the world
jealous of universities and each of them culture.
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5. By itself, the recognition that we have common hopes and dreams wont end all the gridlock, resolve all our problems or substitute for the
painstaking work of building consensus and making the difficult compromises needed to move this country forward.
60
Obama refuses that even though the American people have the same dreams means they will resolve about all problems in America. He
refuses that by saying “won’t”. 6. But that doesnt mean your work is done. 73
Obama refuses that people work is done by saying “doesn’t”.
7. Its not small, its big.
38
Obama refuses that the election is small. By saying “not” Obama unwilling accept it.
8. We have the most powerful military in history, but thats not what makes us strong.
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Obama refuses their country strong because it has a powerful military in history.
9. That wont change after tonight.
44
Obama refuses if the opinion will change after tonight. It is a refuse because he unwilling to do make change.
10. Its not always a straight line. Obama refuses if the future is always running straight. He refuses that by
saying “not”. 11. Its not always a smooth path.
59
Obama refuses future always run smoothly. 12. The role of citizens in our democracy does not end with your vote.
74
Obama refuses that the role of citizens in the voting does not end only sound that they give.
13. You elected us to focus on your jobs, not ours.
70
Obama refuses that people choose for their interests and not the interests of political.
14. Tonight you voted for action, not politics as usual.
69
Obama refuses that the American people chose to see action not politics as usual.
4. Expressives
Expressives are those kinds of speech acts that express a psychological attitude or state of the speaker such as joy, sorrow, and likesdislikes. Some
utterances that represent directives illocutionary acts in this speech:
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Believing
1. We believe in a generous America, in a compassionate America, in a
tolerant America open to the dreams of an immigrants daughter who studies in our schools and pledges to our flag to the young boy on the
south side of Chicago who sees a life beyond the nearest street corner to the furniture workers child in North Carolina who wants to become a
doctor or a scientist, an engineer or an entrepreneur, a diplomat or even a president.
51
Obama believes that America is a generous, has a sense of compassion, and in American immigrants children can realize his dream even as
scientists, engineers, entrepreneurs and even president. 2.
America, I believe we can build on the progress weve made and continue to fight for new jobs and new opportunities and new security for the
middle class.
98
Obama believes that each of them can build on the progress and fight for jobs, new opportunities and a better safety in the middle class.
3. I believe we can keep the promise of our founding, the idea that if youre
willing to work hard, it doesnt matter who you are or where you come from or what you look like or where you love.
99
Obama believes that each of them may hold the promise of its predecessor to work hard no matter who they are, each of them origins,
what they see and they love. 4.
I have always believed that hope is that stubborn thing inside us that insists, despite all the evidence to the contrary, that something better
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awaits us so long as we have the courage to keep reaching, to keep working, to keep fighting.
97
Obama believes that something better awaits us as long as we are still working and struggling.
5. And I know that every American wants her future to be just as bright.
89
Obama believes the American people that America who wants a bright future.
6. I believe we can seize this future together because we are not as divided
as our politics suggests.
102
Obama believes that each of them will seize the future each of them are not divided.
7. God bless you.
107
Obama believes that the Lord blesses his people. He belief about something.
8. God bless these United States.
108
Obama believes that God bless the United States. This utterance shows that Obama belief about something.
Complimenting
1. And I am so proud of you guys.
21
Obama complement that he proud of his daughters. It is a state because he express about praise and admiration to his daughter.
2. I have never been prouder to watch the rest of America fall in love with
you too as our nations first lady.
19
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Obama complements his wife. By saying he is proud of his wife as a woman made number one in the nation. It is a express of praise.
3. Sasha and Malia before our very eyes, youre growing up to become two
strong, smart, beautiful young women, just like your mom.
20
Obama complements his daughters because by saying each of them smart and beautiful women like their mother. He express his admiration to his
daughters. 4.
And that is a legacy that we honour and applaud tonight.
13
Obama complements Romney family by declaring it an honor and a legacy of the family. Obama also asked the audience to clap their hands
as a form of praise. It is a complement because Obama praise to Romney’s family.
5. You lifted me up the whole day, and I will always be grateful for
everything that youve done and all the incredible work that youve put in.
28
Obama complements his people and he feel proud of the people who have lifted up him the whole day. Obama praise his people by saying “always
be grateful”. 6.
And youve made me a better president.
67
Obama complements people by saying each of them make Obama a better president. He praise his people.
7. Thats the country Im so proud to lead as your president.
91
Obama complements the people, say that he was proud to be their president.
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Congratulating
1. I just spoke with Governor Romney and I congratulated him and Paul
Ryan on a hard-fought campaign.
10
Obama congratulations to Paul Ryan as it has struggled in the America presidential election campaign in 2012. He express about his praise to
him.
Thanking
1. Thank you.
1
Obama thanks the audience was present to witness the triumph and await a speech and thanked him to audience applause for coming to speak about
his victory. 2.
I want to thank every American who participated in this election.
8
Obama expressed his feelings which want to thank in the elections and for having chosen.
3. I want to thank my friend and partner of the last four years, Americas
happy warrior, and the best vice-president anybody could ever hope for, Joe Biden.
15
Obama express his feelings of gratitude to his partner Joe Biden as vice president of her best ever expected.
4. Thank you for believing all the way to every hill, to every valley.
27
Obama express his gratitude to all the people of America who believe him.
5. Thank you, America.
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Obama thanks to the America nation. He express his feeling about gratitude.
5. Declarations.
Declarations or declaratives are those kinds of speech acts that effect immediate changes in some current state of affairs.
1. A decade of war is ending.
63
Obama declares decade has ended. 2.
We are, and forever will be, the United States of America.
104
Obama declares American people will always be a part of the United States.
3. A long campaign is now over.
64
Obama declares that the long campaign has ended. 4. But all of you are family.
24
Obama declares that his campaign team and volunteers are family.
4.2 Direct and Indirect Speech Acts Direct Speech Acts
Kategori