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3. THE ANALYSIS
One of the fiction prose is novel. The word comes from the Italian, Novella, which means the new staff that small. The novel developed in England
and America. The novel was originally developed in the region from other forms of narrative nonfiction, such as letters, biographies, and history. But with a shift in
society and development time, the novel is not only based on data nonfiction, author of novel can change according to the desired imagination.
Foster 1979 says, “A novel is away learning about how things were or
are cognitive instrument, and those whose destructed storied as evidence should consider how often in conservation we use them to make points or answer
question. It means that we can learn about how things were or are cognitive instrument from a novel”.
Novels have young people; most of them are the young people who feel them to be most at odd with conventional standards. You will have made
considerable progress in understanding the particular novel you are reading. Novel has more of humanity. By reading a novel, we are made acquainted with
the motivations, imbibes our notion of virtue and vice from practical examples knowledge of the world. The novelist makes an imitation of life that represents
human being, makes certain conclusions about it which are expressed in that novelist creates and the situations which are placed.
Novel is fiction prose usually written in the narrative form of the story. The writer of novel called novelist. The word “novel” comes from Italian novella
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14 which means “a story or piece of news. Some novels have moral lesson as the
message of the novels that tell about the update reality in our society. Nowadays, novels do not only tell about the youth relationship but also the moral crisis,
education, religion, and other social life. Simply saying that novel is also an instrument how to teach morality to its readers. It is also literary genre that has a
main form of prose, with a length of more or less able to fill out one or two small volumes, which depict real life in a fairly complex. The genre has historical roots
both in the fields of the medieval and early modern romance and in the tradition of the novel.
Yonathan Culler 1977:59 says, “theme is something which becomes the
authors thought. It explains about view of life or the author‟s image, and how they consider the case.
” Theme should be universal; it means that the readers understand well. The relation of the story is obviously in message and theme.
Hartoko and Rahmanto 1984:149 say that theme is a general basic idea that supports a literature, and it‟s implied in the text as a semantic structure and
connects with similarities and differences. According to the statement above that theme becomes a basic development of the whole story. Therefore, the readers
should conclude the whole story to find out a literary work. In the other words, theme is the main idea or the main point in a story. A
theme must represent the whole part of the story, because theme is a basicdevelopment of a whole story. Actually it is not easy to find out the theme in
a novel. The reader has to read the novel and understand what the story tells about.
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15 Stanton 2007:7 says that theme gives a strong explained about the unity
of what is happening in the story, and tell about the story of life in a common context. The purpose of theme is to give a shape and effect in our mind, so make
the story easy to remember. A good theme has to represent the entire story in the novel. Sometimes the theme shapes in to the fact that comes from the human
experience. It is explored by the story and then gives impression for each of event in life. Stanton 1965:21 says that a theme is meaning of a story, but it is
sometimes “hidden” and not early illustrated. We can mean the necessary implications of the whole story, not just a part of the story.
Kenney 1966:89 says that a theme is idea, an author‟s view of life which is the background of the literary work. A theme filtered from motives that are in
the works in question that determines the presence of the events, conflicts, and situations.
The theme of the novel is more than its subject matter, because an aut hor‟s
technique can play as strong a rule in developing a theme as the action of the characters do. Sometimes because of the length of novels and the various
characters, conflicts, and scenes, found within them, reader can look at different aspects of the work to uncover different interpretations of the meaning of the tale.
Theme is many ways is “binding” the presence or absence of certain events of the conflict situations, because these things must be supportive of clarity
theme to be conveyed. Themes became the basis of the development of the whole story, so he is animating the whole part of the story. It also may mean the meaning
which contained by a story. A common theme a novel is the conflict between
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16 appearance and reality, the search for personal identity. And the other common
themes in novels include how act and life are reflected in one another, the meaning of the religion, and whether technology helps people or whether it is a
harmful aspect of society. Way 2003 says that word or sentence contains idea. As what is stated in
the following: “Although a single word may name an idea, it does not operate as an idea until it is put into a sentence or assertion. In the other words, an idea needs
a subject and predicate before we can use it as a basis of understanding. It is important to recognize than an assertion of an idea is not the same as an ordinary
sentence.” Stanford 2003 says that emphasized the all stories should have theme as
he said : “All stories have a theme or purpose, no matter how deviously the
authors stated their purpose, but such a procedure has become old-fashioned, no self-respecting writer at present will do more than imply this theme. He suggests it
through theme is kind of composite statement which requires our comprehensive of n
umerous other elements.” To show the theme, the writer may tell by the other elements parts of the novel. It could be more interesting to concluding theme if we
recognize it. The theme of the novel is more than its subject matter, because a writer‟s technique can play as strong a rule in developing a theme as the action.
Sometimes because of the length of novels and various scenes, found within them,reader can look at different aspects of the work to uncover different
interpretation the meaning of the tale.
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17 Theme is the abstract subject of a work, its central idea or ideas, which
may or may not be explicit or obvious. Theme is something on which to base the story. Theme is always associated with a variety of life experiences, such as issues
of love, longing, fear, death, religious, and soon. In certain cases, often the theme can be synonymous with the story‟s main idea or purpose. It is a theme which has
a broad idea, message, or lesson conveyed by work. The message is usually about life, society, or human nature.
The theme of a piece of fiction is its view about life and how people behave. In fiction, the theme is not intended to teach or preach. In fact, it is not
presented directly at all. In other words, you must figure out the theme yourself. The writer‟s task is to communicate on a common ground with the reader.
Theme as the develop part in novel, must be related with the other elements to build a good story. As a necessary part in a novel, it is important to
know clearly what the theme is. Because it just have a little bit different with an ordinary sentence. It refers to result of general and abstract thinking of writing.
Story of each novel must have a purpose. It should make the reader think. Most stories have theme, something we might call “the message” or “the moral” of the
story. Simply, theme is the meaning of story. Theme is the idea of a literary work abstracted from its details of language, character, action, and cast in the form of a
generalization. But in literary study the consideration of themes relates to meaning, explanation, and significance.
The novel
The Winner Stands Alone
, the writer of this paper can see that it is a good novel to be read because the contents of this novel tells the story of the
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18 important of paying a price for your dreams. This is a book which fills the reader
with impending darkness. The portrayal of the world of glamour, largely realistic, is very depressing. It is depicted as an arena in which under the glimmer of stars,
what exists is deep darkness, an abyss of depression from which no return is possible. One of the recurrent themes in this novel is the importance of paying a
price for your dreams. But to what extent can our dreams be manipulated. For the past few decades, we have lived in a culture that privileged fame, money, power
and most people were led to believe that these were the real values that they were to pursue. What we do not know is that, behind the scenes, the real manipulators
remain anonymous. They understand that the most effective power is the one that nobody can notice until it is too late, and you are trapped.
The Winner Stands Alone
is about trap. Igor, a Russian millionaire, who believes that he can kill if he has a good reason for it such as avoiding human suffering, or bringing back the
attention of the woman he loves. He was a mirror for all the evil thoughts we allow and justify within ourselves. Igor displays traits of many serial killers. He
quantifies his actions, however absurd and morose, in his head by thinking he is committing them for love. For him, there need not be another reason. How slowly
his psyche unfolds from a billionaire on a mission to get his wife back, into a serial killer is captivating.
Themes can be classified into several different categories depending on the terms of which it is done. Categorization of themes that will be presented below is
based on the classification of 9 dichotomies perspective that are both traditional theme and nontraditional theme, seen from the classification level of experience
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19 Shipley soul are Theme Physical Level, Theme Organic Level, Theme Social
Level, Theme Egoist Level, and Theme Divine Level, and the classification of the level of primacy are Main Theme and Additional Themes such as Major Theme
and Minor Theme.
1 Traditional Theme
Traditional theme is intended as a theme that points to the only theme that‟s it, in the sense that he has long been used and can be found in a variety of
stories, including the story longer. Theme statements that can be viewed as the traditional nature for example:
1 Truth and justice defeating evil
2 Although crime is covered up will be uncovered as well
3 Acts of righteousness or wickedness of each will reap the results
4 True love requires sacrifice
5 True friend is a friend in times of grief
6 After suffering, the god afterthought
7 The proverbial rhyme-raft upriver rafting, swimming to shore. Although
many variations of the theme traditional said always had something to do with issues of truth and evil.
In general, Traditional Theme is a theme that favored those with social status whatever, wherever, and whenever. It is because basically everyone will
love righteousness and hate everything to the contrary, it may even include people who do not actually quite good though.
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20 “The truth is I didn‟t lose anything. Life sometimes separates people so
that they can realize how much they mean to each other. For example, last night, I saw my wife with another man. I know she wants to come back to
me, that she still loves me, but she‟s not brave enough to take the first step. Some boi
led frogs still think it‟s obedience that counts, not ability: those who can, lead, and those with any sense, obey. So where‟s the truth
in all this? It‟s better to emerge from a situations slightly scalded, but alive and ready to act. And I think you can help me in that task. Paulo Coelho,
2010 : p.16 2 Non Traditional Theme
Nontraditional theme is such a theme it might not be in accordance with the expectations of the reader is against the current, shocking, perhaps even
frustrating, disappointing, or a variety of other affective reactions. Dealing with fiction in general, people expect a good, honest, all the characters are having sex
or are classified as an antagonist, although at first experienced the glory, finally defeated or obtain “rewarded” accordingly. If the opposite happens both
defeated,the reader may be if only affection. In fact, the reality is likely to happen and it seems quite a lot, such as big time corruptors but survived, abuse of power
to oppress the little people, the small displacement is as good as the people themselves. Perpetrators or instigators of the “arbitrariness” are still rich, while
ordinary people are also still a group who “defeated”. And there is rarely a hero or a situation that helps “victory”. Entertaining works of fiction it does seem to want
to serve as an escape for a moment to forget the bitterness of life experienced or to imagine the achievement of something desired that never achieved in real life.
“It all began, they say, with an unknown nineteen-year-old posing a bikini for photographers who had nothing better to do during the 1953 Cannes
Festival. She immediately shot to stardom, and her name became legendary: Brigitte Bardot. And now others think they can do the same.
No one understands the importance of being an actress; beauty is the only
thing that counts.” Paulo Coelho, 2010 : p.24
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21 It means that‟s why women with long legs and dyed hair, the bottle
blondes of this world, travel hundreds or even thousands of miles to be in Cannes, even if only to spend the whole day on the beach, hoping to be seen,
photographed, discovered. They want to escape from the trap that awaits all women: becoming a housewife, who make supper for her husband every evening,
takes the children to school every day, and tries to dig up some dirt on her neighbors‟ monotonous lives so as to have something to gossip about with her
friends. What thesewomanwant is fame, glory, and glamour, to be the envy of the other people who live in their town and of the boys and girls who always thought
of them as ugly ducklings, unaware that they would one day grow up to be a swan or blossom into a flower coveted by everyone. They want a career in the world of
dreams even if they have to borrow money to get silicone breast implants or to buy some newer, sexier outfits. Drama school? Forget it, good looks and the right
contracts are all you need. The cinema can work miracles, always assuming, of course, you can ever break into the world.
Anything to escape from the prison of the provincial city and the long, dreary repetitive days. There are millions of people who do not mind that kind of
life, and they should be left to live their lives as they see fit. However, if you come to the Festival you must leave fear at home and be prepared for anything:
making spur-of-the-moment decisions, telling lies if necessary, pretending to be younger than you are, smiling at people you loathe, feigning an interest in people
who bore you, saying “I love you” without a thought for the consequences, or stabbing in the back the friend who once helped you out, but who has now
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22 become an undesirable rival. Don‟t let feelings of remorse or shame get in your
way. The reward is worth any amount of sacrifice. All of you need are fame, glory, and glamour.
3 Theme Physical Level
Theme Physical Level is theme of man as a psychiatric molecule level, man as molecule. Literary theme at this level suggests more or indicated by the
number of physical activity rather than mental. He emphasizes physical mobility rather than psychological conflict of the characters in question. Background
elements in the novel by highlighting the theme of this level be emphasized. “Igor has walked past the scene of the crime several times now. At one
point, he realized that his comings and goings might arouse suspicion and so decided to remain a prudent two hundred yards from the scene, leaning
on the balustrade that looked out over the beach. He‟s wearing dark glasses, but there‟s nothing suspicious about that, not only because it‟s a
sunny day, but because in a celebrity town like Cannes, dark glasses are synonymous with status. He‟s surprised to see that it‟s almost midday, and
yet no one has realized that there‟s a person lying dead on the main street of a city which, at this time of year, is the focus of the wo
rld‟s attention.” Paulo Coelho, 2010: p.34
Within this theme suggest more actors or indicated by the amount of physical activity rather than mental. He emphasizes physical mobility rather than
psychological conflict of the characters in question. Background elements in this novel is in France in Cannes Film Festival.
4 Theme Organic Level
Theme Organic Level is a theme that concerns or discuss issues that activity can only be made by living things are deviant as a fraud and spousal
betrayal or other scand als. It‟s just that in this novel there are several stories about
the main character is Igor, a Russian millionaire, who believes that he can kill if
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23 he has a good reason for it such as avoiding human suffering, or bringing back the
attention of the woman he loves.
“I left it all behind,” Ewa said on one of the tapes. “And I don‟t regret it one bit. I would have done the same even if Hamid against my wishes-
hadn‟t bought that beautiful estate in Spain and put in my name. I would have made the same decision if Igor, my ex-husband, had offered me half
his fortune. I would have taken the same decision because I know that I need to live without fear. If one of the most desirable men in the word
wants to be by my side, then I‟m obviously a better person than I t
hought.” Paulo Coelho, 2010: p.203
5 Theme Social Level
Theme social level is about people who are full of dreams and who are going it in an entirely wrong way. However materialistic their goals may seem,
they are motivated by something that transcend the material world. I want readers to know that the people they imagine to be all powerful superstars are, in fact,
mere cogs in a machine manipulated by the few. This theme of man an individual, which is means man as individualism.
Besides, as social beings humans as well as individual creatures borne in “demanding” recognition of the right of individuality. In his capacity as individual
beings, humans also have a lot of problems and conflicts, for example in the form of human reaction to social problems that it faces.
“Look at the Superclass around us. They think they‟re so important, so socially aware, because they‟re willing to pay a fortune for some useless
item at a charity auction or to attend a supper organized to raise funds to help the homeless in Rwanda or to save the pandas in China. Pandas and
the homeless are all one to them. They feel special, superior to the average
person, because they‟re doing something useful. Have they ever fought in a war? No. They create wars, but they don‟t fight in them. If the war turns
out well, they get all the credit. If not, others get the blame. They‟re in love with themselves.” Paulo Coelho, 2010: p.95
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24 Human as social beings is socials man. Social life, which is where the
action-environment interactions with fellow human nature, it contains a lot of problems, conflicts that became the object of the search topic. The social
problems which include economic issues, politics, education, culture, struggle, love, propaganda, and the superior-subordinate relationship problems and other
social relationship that usually appears in the works contain social criticism.
6 Theme Egoist Level
This novel themed selfish because its tells egoists problem, dignity, self- esteem, or the nature and particular attitude in solving problems life wisely. This
theme of man as a creature of high level, which is not necessarily for human experience or achieve.
“The Superclass tries to promote its values. Ordinary people complain of divine injustice, they envy power, and it pains them to see others having
fun. They don‟t understand that no one is having fun, that everyone is worried and insecure, and that what the jewels, cars, and fat wallets
conceal is a huge inferiority complex.” Paulo Coelho, 2010 : p.243 Individuality, among other issue
s form of egoist‟s problems dignity self- esteem or certain other human nature, which is more generally perceived by the
inner and concerned. Individuality usually indicates a problem of identity, self image or figure of a person‟s personality.
Finally it must be stressed that in a work of fiction may be found in more than one theme of the fifth level of the theme. In fact, it‟s rare to find a novel that
specifically contains only one level of particular theme, without offending the other tiers theme. However, to determine which are the most dominant theme
required interpretation and further research.
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7 Theme Divine Level
Theme divine level is a theme that contained meaning which always remember to god. Problems that stand in the theme of this level is a matter of
man‟s relationship with the creator, the problem religiosity, or a variety of other problems such philosophical outlook on life, vision and beliefs.
“God thought of everything,” he went on. “We are together because he decided we should be. You may not fully appreciate your importance in
my life, but without you, I would never have got where I am today. He placed us side by side and lent me his power to defend you whenever
necessary. He taught me that everything is part of a plan, and I must respect tha
t plan down to the last detail. If hadn‟t done so, I would either be dead in Kabul or living in poverty in Moscow.” Paulo Coelho, 2010:
p.94 Although the difficult circumstances they remain always remember to god.
In essence, the theme is the meaning contained short story or meaning of the story.
Meaning in a work of fiction story novel, it may be more than one or rather more than one interpretation. This is why we are not easy to determine the
main theme of the story. Determine the main theme of a story is essentially the activity of selecting, consider and assess, among a number of interpreted meaning
there contained by the work in question. Basic meaning of the story is implicit in large part to not say a whole the story. Meaning which is only found in certain
parts of the story that can be identified as part of meaning extra. It refers that the theme is a major issue to mind of the writer, in which
imagined view of life and the ideals of the writer. Based on these opinions can be concluded that the theme is the topic a story within the most conflict. At the same
time one should not look at a literary work in too architectural a sense, other
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26 factors emotional impact for example need to be taken into account. It has been
suggested that too much attention has been given in the novel to presenting a picture of station life and other matters not strictly related to the main theme and
that the central novel. The theme serves as a basis for the selection of material in the novel. The
theme is particular in so far as it is concerned with the main character and his or her specific problems, but it may also have a general or universal aspect.
A novel‟s theme is the main idea that the writer expresses. Theme can also be defined as the actions of the characters d
o. Rarely can a novel‟s theme be interpreted on only one way. Because of the length of novels and the various
characters, conflicts, and scenes found within them. Readers can look at different aspect of the world to uncover different interpretations the meaning of the tale.
Throughout the history of the novel, a major theme has been weather people can change their situations in life or whether they are in the grips of forces
beyond their control. An additional themes meaning is what can be termed as Minor Theme.
Thus, the extent of the minor themes depending on the extent of additional meaning that can be interpreted from a novel. Interpretation of the meaning it had
to be limited to the meanings that stood out, besides it has concrete evidence contained in the work that can be used as the basis to account. That is appointment
or interpretation of a particular meaning in a work was not done just nonsense. Additional meanings is not something that stands alone, apart from the
principal meaning of the story is concerned since a novel so is a unity. Meaning of
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27 the story is to summarize the principal special significance, additional meanings
contained in the work. Or conversely, additional meanings that is supportive or reflects the primary meaning of the whole story.
Theme in a story is understood as meaning a story that tie up all the story elements into a coherent whole unity. Various elements such as plot, characters,
setting, and so on related synergistically support the existence of the theme. If we are questioned about the theme will indirectly implied moral story, the message.
Moral in the novel is meant as a suggestion to the audience the captures a view of the playwright through the staged novel.
Moral aspects of the theme in the story sometimes overlap, in the sense of the statement themes presented in the story is also a moral message and vice
versa. It is considered unusual as both are the meaning of a story. Setting is a place, time, and social circumtances into a container where the
characters do and is an event. Setting character limit to follow a predetermined conflict. Background will influence the behaviour and way of thingking leaders
and because of that background will affect theme. Setting as well as possible in accordance with the theme of that story in the
novel can be digested well by the readers. In this novel the author tells the background of the place is in France, Cannes Film Festival. Set against the
backdrop of glitz and glamour of the world‟s most famous film festival, what then ensues is a tale of
“extraordinary violence”, lasting just under 24 hours, revealing the evil which hides in each human soul and busting the myths associated with the
world of celebrities.
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4. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 4.1 Conclusion
Kategori