Chemical control : application of pesticides is no doubt one of the quickest Cultural methods

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2. Cultural methods : these refer to good agronomic practices that enhance the

crop productivity and also suppress the pest population. The cultural practices which are commonly used for rice system are; a. Proper sanitation: timely removal of weed to reduce the pest survival and reduce the chance or any carryover of the pest b. Proper water management timely irrigation and good drainage system is required to control plant hoppers. c. Proper spacing: provision of alley ways of 30 cm. Width after 2-3 m bed planting particularly in the white backed plat hopper and brown plant hopper prone area, proves helpful d. Time planting: timely and synchronous planting can reduce the occurrence of insect pests like yellow stem borer. e. Balanced fertilizer: judicious and optimum dose of nitrogen and other fertilizer based on soil testing is essential. Split dosage of nitrogen can also reduce the risk of gall midge, leaf hopper, brown plant hopper, etc.

3. Biological control

: biological control is the mainstay of the IPM strategy. Out of 100 phytophagus insects having potential of becoming pests, only a few attain the pest status while the rest are kept under check by their natural enemies. Even those which attain the pest status have biological agents like predators, parasites ,and pathogens which decrease their population in the rice ecosystem, it is very important to conserve the natural enemies of pest in the field. Avoid the use of broad spectrum pesticides when natural enemies are abundant.

4. Chemical control : application of pesticides is no doubt one of the quickest

and sometimes the only solution for the sudden outbreak of pests, specially insect pests. Their application draws the farmer to quick and visible action. In addition, NPIC 2000 defined there are some methods in IPM technology; cultural methods, physical methods, biological methods;

1. Cultural methods

: tolerant varieties, putting the right plant in the right place place plants in an environment where they will grow well, starting with healthy transplants, keeping plants healthy, keeping your area clean proper 18 sanitation can prevent many pest problems, rotating annual plants, and companion planting and intercropping companion planting involves growing two or more specific types of plant together in the hope that the combination will discourage disease and insect pests.

2. Physical methods