RESEARCH METHOD DATA COLLECTING METHOD DATA ANALYZING METHOD THE DATA ANALYSIS OF VERBAL PROCESS From Tempo, March 24, 2008

CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY

3.1 RESEARCH METHOD

Bungin 2005: 40-41 says that there are three kinds of research based on the location of the research i.e. library research, laboratory, and field research. In this thesis, I applied the library research method that was by collecting some theories and information about transitivity process from books, thesis, internet, and other resources which support the writing.

3.2. DATA COLLECTING METHOD

Data are collecting from Tempo magazine. Tempo magazine is a monthly magazine which published in two languages, bahasa Indonesia and English. I choose the English version on March 24 “Namru Under Scrutiny”, April 28 “A Bribe for a Capital City”, and May 5 2008 “The Legend of the Lobby Queen”. The data are collected by using purposive sample by Arikunto 2006: 139.

3.3. DATA ANALYZING METHOD

In analyzing the data, descriptive method is applied in this thesis in which all the facts that are related to the object of the analysis in this thesis will be described. As stated by Nawawi 1993: 27 “Metode deskriptif adalah prosedurcara memecahkan masalah penelitian dengan memaparkan keadaan object yang sedang diselidiki sebagaimana adanya berdasarkan fakta-fakta yang aktual pada saat sekarang. In analyzing the data I apply some procedures or steps. Universitas Sumatera Utara Firstly, I collect the references which are related to the verbal and behavioral processes. Secondly, the data is collected from Tempo. Then, I classify and identify the data based on the process and based on M.A.K. Halliday theory. After that the data is analyzed. Finally, I draw conclusions and suggestion to help the readers to understand verbal and behavioral processes. Universitas Sumatera Utara CHAPTER IV THE ANALYSIS OF DATA

4.1 THE DATA ANALYSIS OF VERBAL PROCESS From Tempo, March 24, 2008

The participants that are used in verbal process are Sayer, Verbiage, Receiver, and Target. Here are the data that are shown from the table below: 1. This place, Kaligis said, can only hold 500 people, while the current population was over 1,500. Kaligis said can only hold 500 people while the current population was over 1,500. sayer verbal verbiage target 2. While the Sjamsul family was still struggling, said one source close to Sjamsul, the Artalyta family business was already expanding. One source close to Sjamsul said Sjamsul family was still struggling sayer verbal receiver verbiage One source close to Sjamsul said Artalyta family business was already expanding sayer verbal receiver verbiage Universitas Sumatera Utara 3. It was Akiong who supported Sjamsul when the Dipasena shrimp farm was opened. Akiong supported Sjamsul when the Dipasena shrimp farm was opened sayer verbal receiver verbiage 4. At that time, said the source, the land for the shrimp farm could not yet be prepared because Sjamsul did not have enough money. At that time said the source the land for the shrimp farm could not yet be prepared because Sjamsul did not have enough money circums: verbal sayer verbiage 5. Akbar Tandjung, who attended her daughter’s wedding reception in Kemayoran, said that he was invited by the host. Akbar Tandjung, who attended her daughter’s wedding reception in Kemayoran said he was invited by the host verbiage verbal receiver verbiage 6. “As I remember, Artalyta brought the invitation together with a Golkar member from Lampung,” said Akbar. Akbar said Artalyta brought the invitation together with a Golkar Universitas Sumatera Utara member from Lampung sayer verbal receiver verbiage 7. The former Golkar Party Chairman said that he was not very close with Artalyta, but knew that Lampung Golkar member very well. He said not very close with Artalyta, but knew that Lampung Golkar member very well sayer verbal verbiage 8. According to the schedule, this owner of Gajah Tunggal was to be questioned regarding the BLBI case that morning. According to the schedule this owner of Gajah Tunggal was to be questioned regarding the BLBI sase that morning sayer receiver verbal target 9. About 50 reporters crammed into the yard of the AGO building, were the questioning was to take place. About 50 reporters were the questioning was to take place sayer verbal verbiage 10. Outside the gate, 100 university students protested, shouting demands that Sjamsul be put in jail. Outside the 100 university students protested Universitas Sumatera Utara gate verbiage sayer verbal 100 university students demands Sjamsul be put in jail sayer verbal receiver target 11. However, a number of sources said that at that time she met with a senior AGO official. a number of sources said she met with a senior AGO official at that time sayer verbal receiver verbiage 12. “I said to Kemas, be careful.” I said to kemas be careful sayer verbal receiver verbiage 13. That reminder, said Hendarman, was made long before the arrest. That reminder said Hendarman was made long before the arrest verbal sayer verbiage 14. Kemas Yahya admits to knowing Artalyta. Kemas Yahya admits knowing Artalyta sayer verbal verbiage Universitas Sumatera Utara 15. “As far as knowing her, I know her,” he said. He said know her sayer verbal verbiage receiver 16. But he says he forgets when he first met his acquaintance. He says forgets when he first met his acquaintance sayer verbal verbiage receiver 17. He also emphasized that his relationship with Artalyta had nothing to do with Sjamsul Nursalim’s BLBI case. He emphasized his relationship with Artalyta had nothing with Sjamsul Nursalim’s BLBI case sayer verbal verbiage target 18. That is truly amazing,” said the source. The source said that is truly amazing sayer verbal receiver verbiage 19. Aside from recognizing the effectiveness of her lobby, this source confirmed that Sjamsul never asked her to take care of the BLBI case. Universitas Sumatera Utara Sjamsul never asked her to take care of the BLBI case sayer verbal receiver verbiage She recognizing the effectiveness her lobby sayer verbal verbiage receiver She confirmed Sjamsul never asked her to take care of the BLBI case sayer verbal receiver verbiage 20. However, the source continued, “If Artalyta wants to help, she is welcome to.” The source contunued Artalyta welcome to if wants to help sayer verbal receiver verbiage 21. The maids, drivers, gardeners, and security guards were all asked about the chronology of events, as well as about Artalyta’s activities while she was at the home. The maids, drivers, gardeners, and security guards were asked About Artalyta’s activities at home receiver verbal verbiage 22. After tracking down all of the leads, a source from the Sjamsul family was convinced that Artalyta was working on her town. After tracking a source from the was Artalyta was working Universitas Sumatera Utara down all of the leads Sjamsul family convinced on her town verbiage sayer verbal receiver verbiage 23. The money given to Urip, said the source, did not come from Sjamsul. The source said the money given to Urip did not come from Sjamsul sayer verbal verbiage 24. “Go ahead and check if there is a flow of money from Sjamsul to Artalyta,” said a close relative of Sjamsul. A close relative of Sjamsul said go ahead and check if there is a flow of money from Sjamsul to Artalyta sayer verbal verbiage 25. Artalyta has decided to keep quiet in the face of these charges. Artalyta decided to keep quiet in the face of these charges sayer verbal verbiage 26. Speaking to reporters who crowded around her on Monday last week, she only said, succinctly: “We must base this care on the presumption of innocence.” She speaking to reporters who crowded around her on Monday last Universitas Sumatera Utara week sayer verbal receiver verbiage She said we must base this care on the presumption of innocence sayer verbal verbiage 27. Aside from this, she only asked reporters not to connect this case with anyone. She asked reporters not to connect this case with anyone sayer verbal receiver verbiage 28. The guard then informed the special guard on duty. The guard informed the special guard on duty sayer verbal verbiage 29. He stressed, tersely, “Only close relatives may visit.” He stressed only close relatives may visit sayer verbal verbiage Universitas Sumatera Utara 30. Otto Cornelis Kaligis confirmed that Artalyta had known Urip Tri Gunawaan for five years. Otto Cornelis Kaligis confirmed Artalyta had known Urip Tri Gunawaan for five years sayer verbal receiver verbiage 31. However, he strongly denied that the money given to Urip was a bribe. He strongly denied that the money given to Urip was a bribe sayer verbal verbiage 32. Kaligis affirmed: “That money was a loan for a gemstone business.” Kaligis affirmed that money a loan for a gemstone business sayer verbal receiver verbiage 33. The KPK is convinced that the money was indeed a bribe. The KPK is convinced that the money was indeed a bribe sayer verbal verbiage 34. “We have very strong evidence,” said Antasari, the KPK Chairman. Antasari, the KPK Chairman said we have very strong evidence sayer verbal verbiage Universitas Sumatera Utara From Tempo, April 28, 2008 1. From Bintan, Tempo reports that construction had already begun on part of the protected forest before the legislature gave its approval on April 9. Tempo reports that construction had already begun on part of the protected forest the legislature gave its approval on April 9 sayer verbal verbiage receiver verbiage 2. A number of the Tempo sources said that two other DPR members attended the Ritz-Carlton meeting on the night that Al-Amin was arrested. A number of the Tempo sources said two other DPR members attended the Ritz-Carlton meeting on the night that Al- Amin was arrested sayer verbal receiver verbiage 3. “He was tired, he immediately went to sleep after the Friday congregational prayer,” one police officer told Tempo. He went to sleep after the Friday congregational prayer one police officer told Tempo receiver verbiage sayer verbal receiver Universitas Sumatera Utara 4. However, they finally decided on Bandar Seri Bentan, because it is strategically located, has many tourism sites and is close to the industrial city of Batam. They decided Bandar Seri Bentan strategically located, has many tourism sites and is close to the industrial city of Batam sayer verbal receiver verbiage 5. Speaking to 200 business tycoons there, Bintan Regent Ansar Ahmad gave a lengthy presentation on the plan to develop the region. Bintan Regent AnsarAhmad speaking to 200 business tycoons there sayer verbal receiver 6. On January 18 last year, Bintan Regent Ansar Ahmad submitted a rezoning request to the Forestry Minister. Bintan Regent Ansar Ahmad submitted a rezoning request to the Forestry Minister sayer verbal verbiage receiver 7. In a letter, Ansar explained that they planned to turn the protected forest into an integrated business zone. Ansar explained they planned to turn the protected forest into an integrated business zone sayer verbal receiver verbiage target Universitas Sumatera Utara 8. Ansar intended to clarify the plan to rezone the protected forest. Ansar intended to clarify the plan to rezone the protected forest sayer verbal verbiage 9. Following up on the request of Regent Ansar, Kaban requested that the protected forest in question be rezoned. Kaban requested the protected forest in question be rezoned following up on the request of Regent Ansar sayer verbal receiver verbiage 10. This project was then intensively reviewed by this special team and by Azirwan’s own team. Azirwan’s own team reviewed this project intensively sayer verbal receiver verbiage This special team reviewed this project intensively sayer verbal receiver verbiage 11. Investigators then examined the information. Investigators examined the information sayer verbal verbiage Universitas Sumatera Utara 12. Investigators focused their attention on a number of the DPR’s special team, especially Al-Amin Nasution, who was known to communicate frequently with azirwan. Investigators focused their attention on a number of the DPR’s special team especially Al-Amin Nasution who was known to communicate frequently with azirwan sayer verbal verbiage receiver verbiage 13. A Tempo source said that Al-Amin left Senayan at 9pm that day. A Tempo source said Al-Amin left Senayan at 9pm that day sayer verbal receiver verbiage 14. At the restaurant, Arya telephoned Eiffel, a woman who was recently arrested together with Al-Amin and Azirwan at the Ritz-Carlton. At the restaurant Arya telephoned Eiffel sayer verbal receiver 15. After talking in the lobby for about half an hour, they went to the Mistere nightclub located on the first floor. They talking in the lobby for about half an hour sayer verbal verbiage Universitas Sumatera Utara 16. Before heading for the club, said the Tempo source, Al-Amin contacted two of his colleagues in the Forestry and Agriculture Commission. Before heading for the club said Tempo source Al- Amin contacted two of his colleagues in the Forestry and Agriculture Commission verbiage verbal sayer receiver verbal receiver verbiage 17. The two were asked to come to the Ritz, and they in turn, headed for Mistere. The two were asked to come to the Ritz sayer verbal verbiage They in turn headed for Mistere sayer verbal verbiage 18. Azirwan’s lawyer, Dorel Almir, verified that these two DPR members arrived there, but sat separately from Azirwan and Al-Amin. He verified two DPR members arrived there sayer verbal receiver verbiage 19. “Perhaps because they came together, they could not sit at one table,” said Dorel. Universitas Sumatera Utara Dorel said they could not sit at one table perhaps because they came together sayer verbal receiver verbiage 20. They said goodnight at about 11:30pm. They said goodnight at about 11:30pm sayer verbal verbiage 21. Regarding those two House members with the initials SS and SH, Dorel said succinctly:” I can not give any comment.” Dorel said can not give any comment those two House members with the initials SS and SH sayer verbal verbiage receiver 22. Dorel also verified that that night Azirwan did indeed give money to Al- Amin. Dorel verified that night Azirwan did indeed give money to Al- Amin sayer verbal receiver verbiage Universitas Sumatera Utara 23. The lawyer said that this money was given at the beginning of their meeting, to pay for food and drinks. The lawyer said this money was given at the beginning of their meeting to pay for food and drinks sayer verbal receiver verbiage target 24. “Perhaps because of their relations, they usually took turns paying,” said Dorel. Dorel said they usually took turns paying perhaps because of their relations sayer verbal receiver verbiage 25. The DPR observers also made a strong denial. The DPR observers made a strong denial sayer verbal 26. The money in the car, he said, was to repair a bath room and fence at home. He said the money in the car was to repair a bath room and fence at home sayer verbal verbiage target Universitas Sumatera Utara 27. ”I gave all those envelopes to the investigators,” said Al-Amin. Al-Amin said gave all those envelopes to the investigators sayer verbal verbiage receiver 28. Investigators are still examining the case. Investigators examining the case sayer verbal verbiage 29. “We are still investigating,” said Antasari Azhar, KPK Chairman. Antasari Azhar said we are still investigating sayer verbal verbiage 30. The Financial Transaction Reports Analysis Center PPATK promised it would check the bank account of House members from the Forestry and Agriculture Commission. The Financial Transaction Reports Analysis Center PPATK promised would check the bank account of House members from the Forestry and Agriculture Commission sayer verbal verbiage receiver verbiage 31. The director of law at this institution, I Ketut Sudiarsa, said that his institution is used to working with the KPK. I Ketut Sudiarsa said his institution is used to working with the Universitas Sumatera Utara KPK sayer verbal receiver verbiage 32. Forestry and Agriculture Commission Chairman Ishartanto strongly denied the money was to rezone that protected forest. Ishartanto strongly denied the money was to rezone that protected forest sayer verbal receiver verbiage 33. “Ganjar Pranowo from the Indonesian Democratic Party of struggle PDI- P emphasized that the rezoning process was done according to the law. Ganjar Pranowo from the Indonesian Democratic Party of struggle PDI-P emphasized the rezoning process was done according to the law sayer verbal verbiage 34. Yudha Inangsah, Assistant for Legal and Administrative Affairs for Bintan Regency, strongly denied the bribery charges. Yudha Inangsah strongly denied the bribery charges sayer verbal verbiage Universitas Sumatera Utara 35. ”Azirwan’s letter of assignment was only to observe the sessions at the Forestry and Agriculture Commission, not to give money to DPR members,” said Yudha. Yudha said Azirwan’s letter of assignment was only to observe the sessions at the Forestry and Agriculture Commission not to give money to DPR members sayer verbal receiver target verbiage From Tempo, May 5, 2008 1. Intelligence circle say some people close to the President are involved, in the interest of Washington. Intelligence circle say some people close to the President are involved in the interest of Washington sayer verbal receiver verbiage 2. And a source in the Foreign Department confirmed that,” All their personnel came here using diplomatic passports.” A source in the Foreign Department confirmed all their personnel came here using diplomatic passports sayer verbal receiver verbiage Universitas Sumatera Utara 3. “They could very well conduct intelligence activities under the guise of research,” said the official. the official said they could very well conduct intelligence activities under the guise of research sayer verbal receiver verbiage 4. This was a response to the request of the Indonesia government to Washington to help fight the rapid spread of malaria and measles. This was a response request Indonesia government to Washington to help fight the rapid spread of malaria and measles verbiage verbal receiver target 5. If they were conducting covert activities, he said, they would not be operating out of a place owned by the Health Department. He said they they would not be operating they would not be operating If they were conducting covert activities sayer verbal receiver verbiage 6. He inspected bags and asked that personal identification be traded for guest passes. He asked personal identification be traded for guest passes sayer verbal receiver target 7. “This is the biological weapon,” said one staff member, laughing. Universitas Sumatera Utara This is the biological weapon said one staff member verbiage verbal sayer 8. There’s only research, nothing else, said the staff member who accompanied Tempo. The staff member who accompanied Tempo said there’s only research, nothing else sayer verbal verbiage 9. “It is not as good as the Eijkman Institution,” she said Eijkman is a molecular biology laboratory under the auspices of the Research Technology Minister and located at Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital in Jakarta. She said Eijkman a molecular biology laboratory under the auspices of the Research Technology Minister sayer verbal receiver verbiage 10. Ambassador Humes said that their country’s military is often deployed in tropical regions, so they need to know about infectious tropical diseases. Ambassador Humes said their country’s military often deployed in tropical regions Universitas Sumatera Utara sayer verbal receiver verbiage 11. Senior officials are now recommending that the lab be closed down. Senior officials recommending that the lab be closed down sayer verbal target 12. This convention required countries with biological facilities to declare themselves publicly. This convention required countries with biological facilities to declare themselves publicly sayer verbal receiver target 13. The new regime also refused to shut it down. The new regime refused shut down it sayer verbal verbiage receiver 14. In it, the government informed him that it intended to stop Namru’s operations. the government informed him that it intended to stop Namru’s operations sayer verbal receiver verbiage 15. “We are ready to negotiate,” he said. Universitas Sumatera Utara He said we are ready to negotiate sayer verbal verbiage 16. Two months later, Alwi issued a diplomatic note, thus annulling his previous letter. Two months later Alwi issued a diplomatic note thus annulling his previous letter sayer verbiage verbal receiver 17. He had decided that Indonesia was ready to negotiate a new agreement. He had decided Indonesia was ready to negotiate a new agreement sayer verbal receiver verbiage 18. “During the negotiations, the government asked that Indonesian researchers be involved,” said Alwi, when asked for confirmation regarding this matter. Alwi asked confirmation regarding this matter sayer verbal verbiage he said the government asked Indonesian researchers be involved During the negotiations sayer verbal receiver verbiage Universitas Sumatera Utara 19. “At that time, Minister Alwi continuously exerted pressure on lobbied President Wahid on behalf of American interests,” said a Tempo source. a Tempo source said Minister Alwi continuously exerted pressure on lobbied President Wahid on behalf of American interests sayer verbal receiver verbiage 20. The US asked that all Americans working at Namru be given diplomatic immunity, but Indonesia rejected the request. Indonesia rejected request the US sayer verbal verbiage receiver The US asked all Americans working at Namru be given diplomatic immunity sayer verbal receiver target 21. “Their reason was that they wanted protection for their citizens in times of crisis,” said Harry Purwanto, who now heads the Indonesian delegation. Harry Purwanto said their reason wanted protection for their citizens in times of crisis who now heads the Indonesian delegation sayer verbal verbiage target receiver Universitas Sumatera Utara 22. A national disaster status had even been declared on the dengue fever problem. A national disaster status had even been declared on the dengue fever problem verbiage verbal verbiage 23. Hassan recommended that Namru be closed after the completion of nine ongoing projects. Hassan recommended Namru be closed after the completion of nine ongoing projects sayer verbal receiver verbiage 24. “The big boss asked her to revoke her decision,” said the source. The source said the big boss asked her to revoke her decision sayer verbal receiver verbiage 25. President Yudhoyono asked that relations between the two countries be strengthened, including the cooperation with Namru. President Yudhoyono asked relations between the two countries be strengthened, including the cooperation with Namru sayer verbal verbiage Universitas Sumatera Utara 26. This statement was reiterated when President Bush visited Bogor in November 2006. This statement was reiterated when President Bush visited Bogor in November 2006 sayer verbal receiver verbiage 27. Indonesia would only agree to give immunity to Namru’s director and deputy director, while the US side asked that all personnel be granted the same status without exception. Indonesia would only agree to give immunity to Namru’s director and deputy director sayer verbal verbiage receiver the US asked that all personnel be granted the same status without exception sayer verbal receiver verbiage 28. They accused Dino of playing up to American interests, which wanted to hold on to the Namru lab by various means. They accused Dino of playing up to American interests sayer verbal receiver target Universitas Sumatera Utara 29. “During one negotiation, Dino pounded on the desk, always speaking in the name of the President, who still wanted Namru to continue,” said a Tempo source in the Foreign Affairs Department. During one negotiation, Dino pounded on the desk, always speaking in the name of the President, who still wanted Namru to continue said a Tempo source in the Foreign Affairs Department verbiage verbal sayer 30. When asked to confirm the letter, Dino did not deny nor verify it. Dino did not deny it sayer verbal receiver Dino did not verify it sayer verbal receiver When asked to confirm the letter Dino did not deny nor verify it verbiage receiver verbal target 31. “I can not comment on state documents that have been leaked,” said the presidential spokesman, tersely. Presidential spokesman said can not comment on state documents that have been leaked Universitas Sumatera Utara sayer verbal verbiage All of the tables above are included as the verbal process which every clause may have different participant and circumstance. We can find that one clause can have more than one participant.

4.2 THE DATA ANALYSIS OF BEHAVIORAL PROCESS From Tempo, March 24, 2008