CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
3.1 RESEARCH METHOD
Bungin 2005: 40-41 says that there are three kinds of research based on the location of the research i.e. library research, laboratory, and field research. In
this thesis, I applied the library research method that was by collecting some theories and information about transitivity process from books, thesis, internet,
and other resources which support the writing.
3.2. DATA COLLECTING METHOD
Data are collecting from Tempo magazine. Tempo magazine is a monthly magazine which published in two languages, bahasa Indonesia and English. I
choose the English version on March 24 “Namru Under Scrutiny”, April 28 “A Bribe for a Capital City”, and May 5 2008 “The Legend of the Lobby Queen”.
The data are collected by using purposive sample by Arikunto 2006: 139.
3.3. DATA ANALYZING METHOD
In analyzing the data, descriptive method is applied in this thesis in which all the facts that are related to the object of the analysis in this thesis will be
described. As stated by Nawawi 1993: 27 “Metode deskriptif adalah prosedurcara memecahkan masalah penelitian dengan memaparkan keadaan
object yang sedang diselidiki sebagaimana adanya berdasarkan fakta-fakta yang aktual pada saat sekarang. In analyzing the data I apply some procedures or steps.
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Firstly, I collect the references which are related to the verbal and behavioral processes. Secondly, the data is collected from Tempo. Then, I classify and
identify the data based on the process and based on M.A.K. Halliday theory. After that the data is analyzed. Finally, I draw conclusions and suggestion to help the
readers to understand verbal and behavioral processes.
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CHAPTER IV
THE ANALYSIS OF DATA
4.1 THE DATA ANALYSIS OF VERBAL PROCESS From Tempo, March 24, 2008
The participants that are used in verbal process are Sayer, Verbiage, Receiver, and Target. Here are the data that are shown from the table below:
1. This place, Kaligis said, can only hold 500 people, while the current
population was over 1,500. Kaligis said
can only hold 500 people
while the current population was over 1,500.
sayer verbal verbiage
target
2. While the Sjamsul family was still struggling, said one source close to
Sjamsul, the Artalyta family business was already expanding. One source close to Sjamsul
said Sjamsul family
was still struggling
sayer verbal receiver
verbiage
One source close to Sjamsul
said Artalyta family
business was already expanding
sayer verbal receiver verbiage
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3. It was Akiong who supported Sjamsul when the Dipasena shrimp farm
was opened. Akiong supported Sjamsul
when the Dipasena shrimp farm was opened
sayer verbal receiver verbiage
4. At that time, said the source, the land for the shrimp farm could not yet be
prepared because Sjamsul did not have enough money. At that time said
the source the land for the shrimp farm could not
yet be prepared because Sjamsul did not have enough money
circums: verbal sayer verbiage
5. Akbar Tandjung, who attended her daughter’s wedding reception in Kemayoran, said that he was invited by the host.
Akbar Tandjung, who attended her daughter’s wedding reception
in Kemayoran said
he was invited by the
host
verbiage verbal receiver
verbiage
6. “As I remember, Artalyta brought the invitation together with a Golkar member from Lampung,” said Akbar.
Akbar said Artalyta brought the
invitation together with a Golkar
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member from Lampung sayer verbal receiver
verbiage
7. The former Golkar Party Chairman said that he was not very close with Artalyta, but knew that Lampung Golkar member very well.
He said
not very close with Artalyta, but knew that Lampung Golkar member very well
sayer verbal verbiage
8. According to the schedule, this owner of Gajah Tunggal was to be questioned regarding the BLBI case that morning.
According to the schedule
this owner of Gajah
Tunggal was to be
questioned regarding the
BLBI sase that morning
sayer receiver verbal target
9. About 50 reporters crammed into the yard of the AGO building, were the questioning was to take place.
About 50 reporters were the questioning
was to take place sayer verbal
verbiage
10. Outside the gate, 100 university students protested, shouting demands that
Sjamsul be put in jail. Outside the
100 university students protested
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gate verbiage sayer
verbal
100 university students
demands Sjamsul
be put in jail
sayer verbal receiver target
11. However, a number of sources said that at that time she met with a senior AGO official.
a number of sources said
she met with a senior AGO official at
that time sayer verbal
receiver verbiage
12. “I said to Kemas, be careful.” I
said to kemas
be careful sayer verbal receiver verbiage
13. That reminder, said Hendarman, was made long before the arrest. That reminder
said Hendarman
was made long before the arrest verbal
sayer verbiage
14. Kemas Yahya admits to knowing Artalyta. Kemas Yahya
admits knowing Artalyta
sayer verbal verbiage
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15. “As far as knowing her, I know her,” he said. He said know her
sayer verbal verbiage receiver
16. But he says he forgets when he first met his acquaintance. He
says forgets when he first
met his acquaintance
sayer verbal verbiage
receiver
17. He also emphasized that his relationship with Artalyta had nothing to do with Sjamsul Nursalim’s BLBI case.
He emphasized his relationship with
Artalyta had nothing with Sjamsul Nursalim’s
BLBI case sayer verbal
verbiage target
18. That is truly amazing,” said the source. The source
said that
is truly amazing sayer verbal receiver verbiage
19. Aside from recognizing the effectiveness of her lobby, this source confirmed that Sjamsul never asked her to take care of the BLBI case.
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Sjamsul never asked
her to take care of the BLBI case
sayer verbal receiver
verbiage
She recognizing
the effectiveness her lobby
sayer verbal verbiage receiver
She confirmed
Sjamsul never asked her to take care of the BLBI case
sayer verbal receiver verbiage
20. However, the source continued, “If Artalyta wants to help, she is welcome to.”
The source contunued Artalyta
welcome to if wants to help sayer verbal
receiver verbiage
21. The maids, drivers, gardeners, and security guards were all asked about the chronology of events, as well as about Artalyta’s activities while she was
at the home. The maids, drivers, gardeners,
and security guards were asked About Artalyta’s activities at
home receiver verbal verbiage
22. After tracking down all of the leads, a source from the Sjamsul family was convinced that Artalyta was working on her town.
After tracking a source from the was Artalyta was
working
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down all of the leads
Sjamsul family convinced
on her town
verbiage sayer verbal receiver
verbiage
23. The money given to Urip, said the source, did not come from Sjamsul. The source
said the money given to Urip did not come from Sjamsul
sayer verbal verbiage
24. “Go ahead and check if there is a flow of money from Sjamsul to Artalyta,” said a close relative of Sjamsul.
A close relative of Sjamsul said
go ahead and check if there is a flow of money from Sjamsul to Artalyta
sayer verbal verbiage
25. Artalyta has decided to keep quiet in the face of these charges. Artalyta
decided to keep quiet in the face of these charges
sayer verbal verbiage
26. Speaking to reporters who crowded around her on Monday last week, she only said, succinctly: “We must base this care on the presumption of
innocence.” She speaking to
reporters who crowded around her on Monday last
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week sayer verbal receiver
verbiage
She said
we must base this care on the presumption of innocence sayer verbal
verbiage
27. Aside from this, she only asked reporters not to connect this case with anyone.
She asked reporters not to connect this case with
anyone sayer verbal receiver
verbiage
28. The guard then informed the special guard on duty. The guard
informed the special guard on
duty sayer verbal verbiage
29. He stressed, tersely, “Only close relatives may visit.” He
stressed only close relatives may visit
sayer verbal verbiage
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30. Otto Cornelis Kaligis confirmed that Artalyta had known Urip Tri Gunawaan for five years.
Otto Cornelis Kaligis
confirmed Artalyta had known Urip Tri
Gunawaan for five years sayer verbal
receiver verbiage
31. However, he strongly denied that the money given to Urip was a bribe. He
strongly denied that the money given to Urip was a bribe
sayer verbal verbiage
32. Kaligis affirmed: “That money was a loan for a gemstone business.” Kaligis
affirmed that money
a loan for a gemstone business sayer verbal receiver
verbiage
33. The KPK is convinced that the money was indeed a bribe. The KPK
is convinced that the money was indeed a bribe
sayer verbal verbiage
34. “We have very strong evidence,” said Antasari, the KPK Chairman. Antasari, the KPK
Chairman said
we have very strong evidence
sayer verbal verbiage
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From Tempo, April 28, 2008
1. From Bintan, Tempo reports that construction had already begun on part of
the protected forest before the legislature gave its approval on April 9. Tempo reports that construction had
already begun on part of the protected forest
the legislature gave its approval on April 9
sayer verbal verbiage
receiver verbiage
2. A number of the Tempo sources said that two other DPR members
attended the Ritz-Carlton meeting on the night that Al-Amin was arrested. A number of
the Tempo
sources said
two other DPR members
attended the Ritz-Carlton meeting on the night that Al-
Amin was arrested sayer verbal
receiver verbiage
3. “He was tired, he immediately went to sleep after the Friday
congregational prayer,” one police officer told Tempo. He went
to sleep
after the Friday congregational prayer
one police officer
told Tempo
receiver verbiage
sayer verbal receiver
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4. However, they finally decided on Bandar Seri Bentan, because it is
strategically located, has many tourism sites and is close to the industrial city of Batam.
They decided Bandar Seri
Bentan strategically located, has many tourism sites
and is close to the industrial city of Batam sayer verbal receiver
verbiage
5. Speaking to 200 business tycoons there, Bintan Regent Ansar Ahmad gave
a lengthy presentation on the plan to develop the region. Bintan Regent AnsarAhmad
speaking to 200 business tycoons
there sayer verbal
receiver
6. On January 18 last year, Bintan Regent Ansar Ahmad submitted a
rezoning request to the Forestry Minister. Bintan Regent Ansar
Ahmad submitted
a rezoning request to the Forestry
Minister sayer verbal
verbiage receiver
7. In a letter, Ansar explained that they planned to turn the protected forest
into an integrated business zone. Ansar explained
they planned to turn the
protected forest into an integrated
business zone sayer verbal receiver
verbiage target
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8. Ansar intended to clarify the plan to rezone the protected forest.
Ansar intended
to clarify the plan to rezone the protected forest
sayer verbal verbiage
9. Following up on the request of Regent Ansar, Kaban requested that the
protected forest in question be rezoned. Kaban requested
the protected
forest in question be rezoned following
up on the request of Regent Ansar sayer verbal
receiver verbiage
10. This project was then intensively reviewed by this special team and by
Azirwan’s own team. Azirwan’s own team
reviewed this project
intensively sayer verbal
receiver verbiage
This special team reviewed
this project intensively
sayer verbal receiver verbiage
11. Investigators then examined the information.
Investigators examined the information
sayer verbal verbiage
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12. Investigators focused their attention on a number of the DPR’s special
team, especially Al-Amin Nasution, who was known to communicate frequently with azirwan.
Investigators focused their attention
on a number of the DPR’s special team
especially Al-Amin Nasution
who was known to communicate
frequently with azirwan
sayer verbal verbiage
receiver verbiage
13. A Tempo source said that Al-Amin left Senayan at 9pm that day.
A Tempo source said
Al-Amin left Senayan at 9pm that day
sayer verbal receiver
verbiage
14. At the restaurant, Arya telephoned Eiffel, a woman who was recently
arrested together with Al-Amin and Azirwan at the Ritz-Carlton. At the restaurant
Arya telephoned
Eiffel sayer
verbal receiver
15. After talking in the lobby for about half an hour, they went to the Mistere
nightclub located on the first floor. They
talking in the lobby for about half an hour
sayer verbal verbiage
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16. Before heading for the club, said the Tempo source, Al-Amin contacted
two of his colleagues in the Forestry and Agriculture Commission. Before
heading for the
club said
Tempo source
Al- Amin
contacted two of his
colleagues in the Forestry
and Agriculture Commission
verbiage verbal sayer receiver verbal receiver
verbiage
17. The two were asked to come to the Ritz, and they in turn, headed for
Mistere. The two
were asked to come to the Ritz
sayer verbal verbiage
They in turn
headed for Mistere sayer verbal
verbiage
18. Azirwan’s lawyer, Dorel Almir, verified that these two DPR members
arrived there, but sat separately from Azirwan and Al-Amin. He
verified two DPR members
arrived there sayer verbal
receiver verbiage
19. “Perhaps because they came together, they could not sit at one table,” said
Dorel.
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Dorel said
they could not sit at one table perhaps because they
came together sayer verbal receiver
verbiage
20. They said goodnight at about 11:30pm.
They said
goodnight at about 11:30pm sayer verbal
verbiage
21. Regarding those two House members with the initials SS and SH, Dorel
said succinctly:” I can not give any comment.” Dorel
said can not give any comment
those two House members with the initials SS and SH
sayer verbal verbiage
receiver
22. Dorel also verified that that night Azirwan did indeed give money to Al-
Amin. Dorel verified that
night Azirwan did indeed give money to Al-
Amin sayer verbal
receiver verbiage
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23. The lawyer said that this money was given at the beginning of their
meeting, to pay for food and drinks. The lawyer
said this money was given at the
beginning of their meeting
to pay for food and drinks
sayer verbal receiver
verbiage target
24. “Perhaps because of their relations, they usually took turns paying,” said
Dorel. Dorel
said they
usually took turns paying perhaps because of their relations
sayer verbal receiver verbiage
25. The DPR observers also made a strong denial.
The DPR observers made a strong denial
sayer verbal
26. The money in the car, he said, was to repair a bath room and fence at
home. He
said the money in the car
was to repair a bath room and fence at home
sayer verbal verbiage
target
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27. ”I gave all those envelopes to the investigators,” said Al-Amin.
Al-Amin said
gave all those envelopes to the
investigators sayer verbal
verbiage receiver
28. Investigators are still examining the case.
Investigators examining the
case sayer verbal verbiage
29. “We are still investigating,” said Antasari Azhar, KPK Chairman.
Antasari Azhar said
we are still investigating sayer verbal
verbiage
30. The Financial Transaction Reports Analysis Center PPATK promised
it would check the bank account of House members from the Forestry and Agriculture Commission.
The Financial Transaction Reports
Analysis Center PPATK
promised would check
the bank account of
House members
from the Forestry and
Agriculture Commission
sayer verbal verbiage
receiver verbiage
31. The director of law at this institution, I Ketut Sudiarsa, said that his
institution is used to working with the KPK. I Ketut Sudiarsa
said his institution
is used to working with the
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KPK sayer verbal
receiver verbiage
32. Forestry and Agriculture Commission Chairman Ishartanto strongly denied
the money was to rezone that protected forest. Ishartanto strongly denied
the money was to rezone that protected
forest sayer verbal receiver
verbiage
33. “Ganjar Pranowo from the Indonesian Democratic Party of struggle PDI-
P emphasized that the rezoning process was done according to the law. Ganjar Pranowo from the
Indonesian Democratic Party of struggle PDI-P
emphasized the rezoning process was done according to
the law sayer verbal
verbiage
34. Yudha Inangsah, Assistant for Legal and Administrative Affairs for Bintan
Regency, strongly denied the bribery charges. Yudha Inangsah
strongly denied the bribery charges
sayer verbal verbiage
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35. ”Azirwan’s letter of assignment was only to observe the sessions at the
Forestry and Agriculture Commission, not to give money to DPR members,” said Yudha.
Yudha said Azirwan’s letter of
assignment was only to observe the
sessions at the Forestry and Agriculture Commission
not to give money to DPR
members sayer verbal receiver
target verbiage
From Tempo, May 5, 2008
1. Intelligence circle say some people close to the President are involved, in
the interest of Washington. Intelligence circle
say some
people close to the President are
involved in the interest of Washington
sayer verbal receiver
verbiage
2. And a source in the Foreign Department confirmed that,” All their
personnel came here using diplomatic passports.” A source in the
Foreign Department confirmed all
their personnel
came here using diplomatic passports
sayer verbal receiver verbiage
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3. “They could very well conduct intelligence activities under the guise of
research,” said the official. the official
said they
could very well conduct intelligence activities under the guise of research
sayer verbal receiver
verbiage
4. This was a response to the request of the Indonesia government to
Washington to help fight the rapid spread of malaria and measles. This was
a response request Indonesia
government to Washington to help fight the rapid
spread of malaria and measles verbiage verbal receiver
target
5. If they were conducting covert activities, he said, they would not be
operating out of a place owned by the Health Department. He
said they
they would not be operating they would not be operating If they were conducting covert activities
sayer verbal receiver verbiage
6. He inspected bags and asked that personal identification be traded for
guest passes. He asked
personal identification be traded for guest passes
sayer verbal receiver
target
7. “This is the biological weapon,” said one staff member, laughing.
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This is the biological weapon said one
staff member
verbiage verbal sayer
8. There’s only research, nothing else, said the staff member who
accompanied Tempo. The staff member who
accompanied Tempo said there’s only research, nothing
else sayer verbal
verbiage
9. “It is not as good as the Eijkman Institution,” she said Eijkman is a
molecular biology laboratory under the auspices of the Research Technology Minister and located at Cipto Mangunkusumo General
Hospital in Jakarta.
She said Eijkman a molecular biology laboratory under the auspices of the Research Technology Minister
sayer verbal receiver verbiage
10. Ambassador Humes said that their country’s military is often deployed in
tropical regions, so they need to know about infectious tropical diseases. Ambassador Humes
said their country’s military
often deployed in tropical regions
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sayer verbal receiver verbiage
11. Senior officials are now recommending that the lab be closed down.
Senior officials recommending
that the lab be closed down sayer verbal
target
12. This convention required countries with biological facilities to declare
themselves publicly. This convention required countries with biological
facilities to declare
themselves publicly sayer verbal
receiver target
13. The new regime also refused to shut it down.
The new regime refused
shut down it
sayer verbal verbiage receiver
14. In it, the government informed him that it intended to stop Namru’s
operations. the government informed
him that it intended to stop Namru’s
operations
sayer verbal receiver
verbiage
15. “We are ready to negotiate,” he said.
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He said
we are ready to negotiate sayer verbal
verbiage
16. Two months later, Alwi issued a diplomatic note, thus annulling his
previous letter. Two months later Alwi
issued a diplomatic note
thus annulling his previous letter
sayer verbiage verbal
receiver
17. He had decided that Indonesia was ready to negotiate a new agreement.
He had decided
Indonesia was ready to negotiate a new agreement
sayer verbal receiver verbiage
18. “During the negotiations, the government asked that Indonesian
researchers be involved,” said Alwi, when asked for confirmation regarding this matter.
Alwi asked
confirmation regarding this matter sayer verbal
verbiage
he said the government
asked Indonesian
researchers be involved During
the negotiations sayer verbal
receiver verbiage
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19. “At that time, Minister Alwi continuously exerted pressure on lobbied
President Wahid on behalf of American interests,” said a Tempo source. a Tempo source
said Minister Alwi continuously exerted pressure on
lobbied President Wahid on behalf of American interests
sayer verbal receiver
verbiage
20. The US asked that all Americans working at Namru be given diplomatic
immunity, but Indonesia rejected the request. Indonesia rejected
request the
US sayer verbal verbiage receiver
The US asked
all Americans working at Namru
be given diplomatic immunity
sayer verbal receiver
target
21. “Their reason was that they wanted protection for their citizens in times of
crisis,” said Harry Purwanto, who now heads the Indonesian delegation. Harry
Purwanto said their
reason wanted
protection for their citizens
in times of crisis who now heads
the Indonesian delegation
sayer verbal verbiage
target receiver
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22. A national disaster status had even been declared on the dengue fever
problem. A national disaster
status had even been declared
on the dengue fever problem
verbiage verbal verbiage
23. Hassan recommended that Namru be closed after the completion of nine
ongoing projects. Hassan
recommended Namru
be closed after the completion of nine ongoing projects
sayer verbal receiver
verbiage
24. “The big boss asked her to revoke her decision,” said the source.
The source said
the big boss asked her to revoke her
decision sayer verbal receiver
verbiage
25. President Yudhoyono asked that relations between the two countries be
strengthened, including the cooperation with Namru. President Yudhoyono
asked relations between the two countries be strengthened, including the cooperation with
Namru sayer verbal
verbiage
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26. This statement was reiterated when President Bush visited Bogor in
November 2006. This statement
was reiterated when President Bush visited Bogor in
November 2006 sayer verbal receiver verbiage
27. Indonesia would only agree to give immunity to Namru’s director and
deputy director, while the US side asked that all personnel be granted the same status without exception.
Indonesia would only agree to give immunity to Namru’s director and deputy director
sayer verbal verbiage receiver
the US asked
that all personnel be granted the same status without exception
sayer verbal receiver
verbiage
28. They accused Dino of playing up to American interests, which wanted to
hold on to the Namru lab by various means. They
accused Dino
of playing up to American interests sayer verbal receiver
target
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29. “During one negotiation, Dino pounded on the desk, always speaking in
the name of the President, who still wanted Namru to continue,” said a Tempo
source in the Foreign Affairs Department. During one negotiation, Dino pounded on the
desk, always speaking in the name of the President, who still wanted Namru to continue
said a Tempo source in
the Foreign Affairs Department
verbiage verbal sayer
30. When asked to confirm the letter, Dino did not deny nor verify it.
Dino did not deny
it sayer verbal receiver
Dino did not verify
it sayer verbal receiver
When asked to confirm the letter
Dino did not deny nor
verify it
verbiage receiver verbal
target
31. “I can not comment on state documents that have been leaked,” said the
presidential spokesman, tersely. Presidential spokesman
said can not comment on state documents that
have been leaked
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sayer verbal verbiage
All of the tables above are included as the verbal process which every clause may have different participant and circumstance. We can find that one
clause can have more than one participant.
4.2 THE DATA ANALYSIS OF BEHAVIORAL PROCESS From Tempo, March 24, 2008