28 parataxis always brings extending relationships and hypotaxis always brings up the
elaboration and enhancing relationships. This thesis gives a direction to put both types of logical semantic relations and to choose another form of data. The scope of
the study in her research is only limited to expansion relationship since she believes that this relationship would give a significant result, meanwhile in this research, both
expansion and projection are involved and the data are taken from newspaper texts. Rukmini 2010 writes a thesis entitled “The Logico-Semantic Relation of
Clause Complexes in the Abstracts of the Final Project Reports Produced by the English Department Students
”. Her analysis is on the logical semantic relation of clause complexes occurs in the selected text and the realization of the author of the
text. By using a qualitative descriptive method, she analyzed 5 abstracts written by the students of literature programs and other 5 abstracts of education programs. The
results are clause complexes of both parataxis and hypotaxis. Whereas the logical semantic relations are elaboration, extension, enhancement and idea projection; the
locution projection is not used at all. The realization is relatively good but some errors such as voice, grammar, tenses are still made by the students. Her research is
contributive in defining the research design and the method. In her research, the logical semantic relation and taxis relation are separated. The data used is the
students’ abstract, and the realization of the text is also discussed. This study analyses the data taken from newspaper. The logical semantic relation is combined
with systems of interdependence
29 CHAPTER III
METHOD OF RESEARCH
3.1. Research Design
In this research, the design used is a qualitative descriptive method. This design is known relates to grounded-theory, data analysis, and qualitative research
method. The research design is qualitative due to the descriptive data which is in the form of words, in this analysis, newspaper texts. Then, this is also descriptive
because it obtains information by describing the phenomena through descriptive data, generally characterized by simultaneous data collection and analysis.
Regarding to qualitative research method, Lexy 2005 argues that qualitative research is all about exploring issues, understanding phenomena, and answering
questions. These things will eventually lead to the goal of the research. The goal of qualitative research is to “better understand human behavior and experience...grasp
the processes by which people construct meanings and to describe what those meanings are” Bogdan Biklen, 1998:38. So, by describing the phenomena, the
goal of the research is achieved to understand what the phenomena are meant to be. According to Merriam 2009:13, qualitative research is chosen because the
researcher is interested in understanding the meaning people have constructed, that is, how people make sense of their world and the experiences they have in the world.
She offered the following four characteristics to describe qualitative research. Those characteristics are:
a The purpose of qualitative research, it is to understand the meaning attributed to individuals’ experiences. The focus of meaning in people’s experiences is
on the process rather than the outcome.
30 b The primary instrument used to collect and analyze data is the researcher
himself. c This research method is regarded as an inductive process as it is often being
used to gather evidence in order to establish a theory and a hypothesis that previous research has neglected.
d This research method provides highly descriptive data in the form of words and pictures rather than the numbers.
So, the qualitative descriptive method identifies and describes the phenomena regarding to the topics and brings it to human experience in order to achieve a better
understanding towards the issue. Qualitative findings are sometimes presented together with quantitative result
to facilitate interpretations of the instances. The analysis of data involves the constant comparing of instances of one category with another in an attempt
to “saturate” Creswell, 1994:156. Therefore this qualitative descriptive method also counts the
data percentage in order to merely obtain the presentation of the analysis result.
3.2. Source of Data
The object of the research is the clause complexes in sentences. The sources of data are both Indonesian and Malaysian newspapers. Indonesian newspaper
chosen is a printed The Jakarta Post whereas Malaysian newspaper is an online New Straits Times. The number of texts collected is two articles, or one article from each
newspaper. The articles are similar texts commenting about AirAsia QZ8501. They are:
a Indonesia naval captain says may have located missing plane tail’s section “Indonesia naval captain”, 2015, New Straits Times, January 5, 2015.
