18
Internationales Arbeitsami, In other cases, the English acronyms prevails and becomes a quasi-inter nationalism, not always resisted in
French ’UNESCO’, ’FAO’, ’UNRRA’, ’UNICEF’. 2 Religious terms
In religious language, the proselytizing activities of Christianity, particularly the Catholic Church and the Baptists, are reflected in
manifold translation Saint-Siege, Papsilicker Stuhl. The language of the other world religions tends to be transferred when it becomes of TL
interest, the commonest words being naturalized Pharisees- American Bible scholars and linguists have been particularly exercised
by cultural connotation due to the translation of similes of fruit and husbandry into languages where they are inappropriate.
3 Artistic terms The translation of artistic terms referring to movements,
processes and organizations generally depends on the putative knowledge of the readership. For educated readers, ’opaque’, names
such as
‘the Leipzig
Gewandhaus’ and
the Amsterdam
Concertgebouw’ are transferred, the Dresden Staatskapelle’ hovers between transference and ’state orchestra’; ’transparent’ names ’the
Berlin’, ’the Vienna’, ’the London’ philharmonic orchestras, etc. are translated. Names of buildings, museums, theatres, opera houses, are
likely to be transferred as well as translated, since they form part of street plans and addresses.
19
Many terms in art and music remain Italian, but French in ballet e.g. fouette, pas de deux. Art nouveau in English and French becomes
Jugendstil in German and stile liberty in Italian. Such terms tend to transference when they are regarded faits de civilization, i.e., cultural
features, and to naturalization if their universality is accepted.
e. Gesture and Habits
For ’gestures and habits’ there is a distinction between description and function which can be made where necessary in ambiguous cases: thus,
if people smile a little when someone dies, do a slow hand-clap to express warm appreciation, spit as a blessing, nod to dissent or shake their head to
assent, kiss their finger tips to greet or to praise, give a thumbs-up to signal OK, all of which occur in some cultures and not in others
Beside that, Newmark shall summarize the cultural categories and offer some typical examples:
23
1 Ecology ; Flora, fauna, winds, plains, hills, honeysuckle, downs. 2 Material Culture ;
a Food b Clothes
c Houses and towns d Transport
3 Social culture- work and leisure 4 Organization, customs, ideas, activities, legal, procedures
23
Peter Newmark, Text Book of Translation. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1998. p. 95
20
a Political and administrative b Religious
c Artistic d Gesture and habit : rocking s
D. The Concept of Ideology Translation
As mentioned earlier in the background of study, according to Hoed, ideology of translation is principles or beliefs about right and wrong or good
and bad in translation, that is about what type of translation is best for people or what kind of translation which is suitable and can be preference to target
language readers.
24
Venuti declare that translation is a rewriting of an original text. All rewritings, whatever their intention, reflect a certain ideology and
such manipulate literature to function in a given society given way.
25
From the statement, the term of social becomes one of complement in the explanation of
translation ideology. Not only translator’s ideology, but also implicitly the ideology of a group or community reader is reflected in the work of
translation, whether is right or not, good or not. So that the work can be accepted.
Now, the question is what kind of translation product can be accepted by many target language readers? Then, the translation ideology that can be
admitted for many social group of the target language? According to Benny Hoed ideology of translation is the principles or beliefs about “correct or
24
Ika Kartika, “Penerjemahan Beroanotasi Just Tell Me What to Say,” 2010, p. 8
25
Lawrance Venuti, The Translator’s Invisibility: A History of Translator, London: Routladge, 1995, p. vii
21
wrong” and “good or not” in translation. Of course, that is so relative to talk about the principle of “correct or wrong” and “good or bad” in translation,
because the translator or reader have different criterion to seeing good translation.
Beside that Hatim Mason said, ideology encompasses the reticent assumptions beliefs and value system which are shared collectively by social
group.
26
They make a distinction between “the ideology of translating” and “the translation of ideology”. The ideology of translating refers to the notion
of foreignizing source language oriented and domesticating receptor language oriented. Foreignizing and domesticating are very broad term that
cover many translation procedures, since the ideology of translating influences a translator in deciding the procedure will be used that comprises deciding text
will be translated, solving the problem, the role of translator and how a text be accepted in literary system of receptor language.
27
Meanwhile, the translation of ideology is the mediation, interference, and distortion that the translator
does when he translates the sensitive text by inserting his knowledge and beliefs into translated text. However in this research, the writer will discuss
about the notion of ideology of translating adapted from Venuti’s theory.
26
Basil Hatim and Ian Mason, The Translator as Communicator, London and New York: Routledge, 1997, p. 144
27
Tresnati S. Sholichin. “Penerjemahan Karya dan Penerjemahan Buku Anak”. Jurnal Lintas Bahasa No. 23XI82003 Depok: Pusat Penerjemahan Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas
Indonesia, 2003, p. 3.
