knowledgeable participants who can increase the quality of the data gathered in each interview. It is designed to engage with about two to three knowledgeable
participants for each category of the relevant stakeholders as the population of this research.
C. Data Collection
Qualitative data is information gathered in a nonnumeric form. Common examples of such data are interview transcript, field notes notes taken in the field
being studied, videoaudio recordings, images, documents in terms of reports, meeting minutes, and e-mails. However, the most common forms of qualitative
data are what people have said or done Lewins et al 2005. Lewins et al 2005 also explains that people’s words and actions represent
the data of qualitative inquiry and this requires methods that allow the researcher to capture language and behavior. The key ways of capturing these are
observation – participant and direct, in-depth interviews, group interviews, the collection of relevant documents, photographs and video tapes. The interview is
one of the major sources of data collection, and it is also one of the most difficult ones to get right. In qualitative research, the interview is a form of discourse
shaped and organized by asking and answering questions. An interview is a joint product of what interviewees and interviewers talk about together and how they
talk with each other. The record of an interview that the researchers make and then use in analysis and interpretation is a representation of that talk. In-depth
interviews, one type of qualitative data collection techniques, are characterized by being open-ended, flexible, and respondent-centered and designed to use
respondent creativity and imagination. They are also used to attempt to go beyond those things which are on the surface Byrne 2001.
This research collects data through individual in-depth interviews in terms of convergent interviewing. It is a technique to gather information about beliefs,
experiences and attitudes to converge and come together on important issues. It is most valuable some doubt existing about the information which is to be
collected. Moreover, convergent interviewing can help to decide what questions to ask in the survey. It is also suitable insinuations where no prior theory exists or
is not known by the researcher Dick 2002. Convergent interviewing achieves its result by leaving much of the content
unstructured. The information is therefore determined by the person being interviewed Dick 2002. Therefore, most of the data of this research is taken from
primary data through the unstructured interviews method. The main purpose of the unstructured interview is to explore and probe into the several factors in the
situation that might be central to the broad problem area Sekaran 2003. Participants’ beliefs, experiences, and attitudes are gathered from the interviews in
order to converge on important issues of the problem area Porter 2005. The process, however, is tightly structured.
The information is analyzed systematically. In addition, a content analysis is done by collecting data from
documents of standard of heritage asset valuation are also taken to support as the secondary data.
Next, issue of reliability and validity are conceptualized as trustworthiness, rigor and quality in qualitative paradigm. It is also through this association that the
way to achieve validity and reliability of a research get affected from the qualitative researchers’ perspectives which are to eliminate bias and increase the
researcher’s truthfulness of a proposition about some social phenomenon using triangulation. Then triangulation is defined to be a validity procedure where
researchers search for convergence among multiple and different sources of information to form themes or categories in a study Golafshani 2003. Therefore,
concerning with the validity issue defined as the extent to which a test measures what we actually wish to measure Porter 2005, this research uses data source
triangulation. It tries to collect the data source from some different data sources, some relevant stakeholders Sutopo 2006. Moreover, it employs content analysis
and convergent interviewing that reflect different data collection technique supporting the data source triangulation. In communicating or generating the
data, researcher makes the process of the study accessible and write descriptively so tacit knowledge may best be communicated through the use of rich, thick
descriptions.
D. Data Analysis Technique
