way to achieve validity and reliability of a research get affected from the qualitative researchers’ perspectives which are to eliminate bias and increase the
researcher’s truthfulness of a proposition about some social phenomenon using triangulation. Then triangulation is defined to be a validity procedure where
researchers search for convergence among multiple and different sources of information to form themes or categories in a study Golafshani 2003. Therefore,
concerning with the validity issue defined as the extent to which a test measures what we actually wish to measure Porter 2005, this research uses data source
triangulation. It tries to collect the data source from some different data sources, some relevant stakeholders Sutopo 2006. Moreover, it employs content analysis
and convergent interviewing that reflect different data collection technique supporting the data source triangulation. In communicating or generating the
data, researcher makes the process of the study accessible and write descriptively so tacit knowledge may best be communicated through the use of rich, thick
descriptions.
D. Data Analysis Technique
Hamid httpwww.freelibrary.com explains the concept of data analysis technique as approach to de-synthesizing data, informational, and or factual
elements to answer research questions. It is a method of putting together facts and figures to solve research problem in a systematic process of utilizing data to
address research questions and breaking down research issues through utilizing controlled data and factual information.
This qualitative research uses an inductive data analysis technique. This technique examines a series of specific symptoms to be concluded in general. In
addition, it gives a clearer, a sharper, and a more comprehensive description of the problem area Moleong 1991. The researcher does the data analysis in
accordance with the data collection process Sutopo 2006. Data analysis conducted simultaneously with data collection, and with theory development,
helps the qualitative researcher to understand and shape the study as it continues. This can be accomplished by means of a reflective log or diary, the filing of data
by categories, simple coding schemes, monthly reports, the maintenance of some sort of control over the data in terms of organization, refinement of a coding
system as the study becomes more focused, and the display of data by means of visual representations such as diagrams, spreadsheets or flowcharts.
Seidel 1998 explains that analyzing qualitative data is essentially a simple process. It consists of three parts: noticing, collecting, and thinking about
interesting things. Qualitative Data Analysis is depicted in figure 2 as the data analysis process.
Figure 2 Qualitative data analysis process
As figure 2 suggests, the qualitative data analysis process is not linear. When you do qualitative data analysis you do not simply notice, collect, and then
think about things, and then write a report. Rather, the process has the following characteristics Seidel 1998:
a. iterative and progressive: The process is iterative and progressive because it is a cycle that keeps repeating. For example, when you are thinking
about things you also start noticing new things in the data. You then collect and think about these new things. In principle the process is an
infinite spiral. b. recursive: The process is recursive because one part can call you back to
previous part. For example, while you are busy collecting things you might simultaneously start noticing new things to collect.
Notice things
Think about things
Collect things
Notice things
Think about things
Collect things
c. holographic: The process is holographic in that each step in the process contains the entire process. For example, when you first notice things you
are already mentally collecting and thinking about those things. On a general level, noticing means making observations, writing field notes,
tape recording interviews, gathering documents, etc. this phase is called recording. Once a record is produced, notice interesting things in the record through reading
it. In fact, this will be done many times. Then, when things are noticed in the record, coding is done. Coding data is a simple process that everyone already
knows how to do. Underlines or highlights passages, and makes margin notes when reading a book is called coding that book. Coding in Qualitative data
analysis is essentially the same thing. For now, this analogy is a good place to start. In this research codes are treated as heuristic tools, or tools to facilitate
discovery and further investigation of the data Seidel 1998. There is no standardized procedure for data analysis within qualitative
research, but rather a fluid process of making sense of data Irvine and Gaffikin 2006. It means that a various reflection technique is used for the purpose of data
depth and steadiness. In this research, each data gathered from both the interview and questionnaires distribution will be compared one to another to reach for data
suitability. The process involves a thorough review of all the material, structuring it in a relevant and ordered way, identifying those things that are of greater
importance and drawing significant conclusions. Key issues of the transcribed interviews are then analyzed to answer what in the problem statement of this
research. To put another words, the researcher look for what findings there are in
common between the various interviewees. In short, data gathered from taped interviews are transcribed and data gathered from the questionnaires are altogether
analyzed through three phases: data classification; data interpretation; and descriptive analysis. Finally, it will be used as a base of understanding for the
purpose of finding formulation resulting in the proposed model of heritage tourist site valuation.
CHAPTER IV DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
